Effect of ionic liquid on the toxicity of pesticide to Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

“…With reference to this problem, along with scientific reports on the synthesis, physical and chemical properties and the potential for practical utilization of ionic liquids, a large number of studies have come up, which are concerned with the examination of the potential toxicity of these substances. Studies described in available literature reveal varied influences of ionic liquids on microorganisms [1,2,[17][18][19][20][21][22], plankton [21,[23][24][25][26], invertebrates [27][28][29], vertebrates [27,30], algae [2,21,23,29,[31][32][33], fungi [19,34,35] or higher land plants [8,21,31,[36][37][38][39]. The quoted literature shows that a likely toxic influence of a ionic liquid is determined by a number of factors, of which the primary role is played the cation type and the length of the substituent in the cation (as a rule, the longer alkyl chain, the higher toxicity).…”

“…The quoted literature shows that a likely toxic influence of a ionic liquid is determined by a number of factors, of which the primary role is played the cation type and the length of the substituent in the cation (as a rule, the longer alkyl chain, the higher toxicity). The anion type is not without significance, either; but the concentration of the substance used and the habitat conditions, including the presence of other xenobiotics, and the species features of the organism tested are also all-important [1,4,8,9,15,17,18,21,36,37]. The studies of the potential ecotoxicity of ionic liquids has not only a learning and ecological aspect, which eliminates the risk of failure in the process of issuing permits for industrial use and trade in these substances, but are also important for economic reasons, as they prevent any financial expenditures on the rectification of possible damage in the natural environment [29].…”

Two-Stage Prediction of the Effects of Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Mixtures on Luciferase

“…The ERR [Equation (8)] was defined as a ratio of the difference between the effect (E) predicted by a reference model at a certain concentration and that observed to the observed effect. To effectively evaluate the predictability of the CA, IA, and TSP models in our study, ERR was used for the quantitative comparison of model prediction errors at different effect levels: …”

“…The application areas of ILs include catalysis, extraction, synthesis, dissolution, nuclear industry, and food science [8]. Although ILs will not cause air pollution because of their negligible vapor pressures, some of them still present a non-negligible solubility in water, thus leading to aquatic environmental risks [9].…”

A novel direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) procedure for toxicity interaction between ionic liquid and dichlorvos

“…The culture medium consists of 13.6 mg KH 2 PO 4 , 35.8 mg Na 2 HPO 4 ⋅12H 2 O, 0.25 g MgSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O, 0.61 g MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O, 33.0 mg CaCl 2 , 1.34 g NaHCO 3 , 1.54 g NaCl, 5.0 g yeast extract, 5.0 g tryptone, 3.0 g glycerin, and 1,000 ml Milli-Q water and adjusted to pH 8.5±0.5. Before each test, the bacteria strains were inoculated from a stock culture, which was maintained on Q67 culture medium agar at 4°C, to a fresh agar plate and cultured at 22±1°C for 24 h. The cells were further grown in a liquid culture medium by shaking (120 rev/min) at 22± 1°C for 18 h until the final relative light unit (RLU) reached about 2.0×10 5 for the toxicity tests Zhang et al 2009;Zhu et al 2009a). …”