Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Passive Transport of Sodium Ion into Human Erythrocytes

Kankura, Takako; Nakamura, Wataru; Etô, Hideo; Nakao, Makoto

doi:10.1080/09553006914550211

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The rate of sodium uptake is amongst the most sensitive indices of red cell damage by ionizing radiation. Under appropriate conditions it increases significantly at a dose as small as 25 rad (0.25 Gy) [5]. Ionizing radiation has also been reported to enhance the permeation rate of Rb + and Cs + across the erythrocyte membrane but not to affect the transport of Ca 2+, Sr 2+ [16], phosphates [2,16], chromate, malonamide, urea [16] and glucose [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of radiation-induced permeability changes in the mammalian erythrocyte, a simple model cell, have mainly been concerned with the effect on cations. Irradiated erythrocytes are known to release potassium and accumulate sodium [6]. The radiation sensitivity of Na + transport across the erythrocyte membrane shows species specificity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irradiated erythrocytes are known to release potassium and accumulate sodium [6]. The radiation sensitivity of Na + transport across the erythrocyte membrane shows species specificity [6]. The rate of sodium uptake is amongst the most sensitive indices of red cell damage by ionizing radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gamma radiation on the transport of spin-labeled compounds across the erythrocyte membrane

Gwoździński

Bartosz

Leyko

1981

Radiat Environ Biophys

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The effect of ionizing radiation on the non-electrolyte, anion and cation permeability of the erythrocyte membrane was studied by measurement of the reduction rate of appropriate nitroxyl derivatives. Irradiation of bovine erythrocytes in the dose-range of 2-50 krad resulted in a regular dose-dependent increase in the reduction rates of a cation (TEMPO-choline) and a hydrophobic non-electrolyte (TEMPO), and non-regular changes in the reduction rate of a hydrophilic non-electrolyte (TEMPOL). The permeation constant for TEMPO-choline also showed a non-regular response to radiation, similar to the response pattern of other red blood cell parameters. These results also demonstrate that the effects of radiation on the transport of various solutes can be used as a means of distinguishing between different channels of membrane transport.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gamma radiation on the transport of spin-labeled compounds across the erythrocyte membrane

Gwoździński

Bartosz

Leyko

1981

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…However, they promote the leakage of potassium from RBCs. 7,8) There have been concerns about possible side effects, such as hyperpotassemia and cardiac arrest, of the transfusion of blood components with an elevated potassium concentration. [9][10][11] The irradiation of aqueous solutions can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the hydroxyl radical which is a powerful oxidant and can interact with lipids and proteins in the membranes of RBCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leakage of Potassium from Red Blood Cells following Gamma Ray Irradiation in the Presence of Dipyridamole, Trolox, Human Plasma or Mannitol

Hirayama

Abe

Azuma

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is a complication of blood transfusion that results from the engraftment and clonal expansion of allogenic donor white cells.1) Although TA-GVHD is rare, patients respond poorly to treatment and the disorder is usually fatal. 2)Radiation treatment of blood components is currently used to prevent TA-GVHD. 3) This procedure is based on the large difference between the radiation sensitivities of T-lymphocytes and red blood cells (RBCs).3,4) Thus, one has to apply a dose high enough to destroy almost all the T-lymphocytes while causing as little damage as possible to RBCs. Recent studies indicate that the minimal dose required to fulfill this requirement is from 15 to 50 Gy. 5,6) Doses of this order of magnitude cause only minor changes in the essential constituents of RBCs, e.g. intracellular hemoglobin, ATP, membrane lipid and proteins. However, they promote the leakage of potassium from RBCs. 7,8) There have been concerns about possible side effects, such as hyperpotassemia and cardiac arrest, of the transfusion of blood components with an elevated potassium concentration. [9][10][11] The irradiation of aqueous solutions can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the hydroxyl radical which is a powerful oxidant and can interact with lipids and proteins in the membranes of RBCs.12) It was reported that the increase in the extracellular potassium concentrations of RBC preparation on photosensitization resulted from the oxidative damage of RBC membranes by ROS produced by photosensitization, and furthermore, that the increase was sufficiently inhibited by the addition of an antioxidant such as dipyridamole (DPM) or Trolox before the photosensitization.13,14) Therefore, the leakage of potassium caused by the irradiation may also be due to the damage of RBC membranes by ROS. Although the use of an antioxidant could potentially minimize the leakage which may result from the irradiation, trials using antioxidants to prevent potassium leakage are rare. 15) Here we investigated the effect of antioxidants DPM, Trolox, human plasma or mannitol on the leakage of potassium ascribed to the irradiation of RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of RBC Samples and Irradiation RBC in MAP solution (RC-MAP) were prepared according to the standard protocol of the Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center. Briefly, after the centrifugation of donated human blood (400 ml) at 3000 g for 8 min, the supernatant was removed and 92 ml of MAP solution (1.34 g D-mannitol, 0.013 g adenin, 0.086 g sodium dihydrogenphosphate, 0.138 g sodium citrate dihydrate, 0.018g citric acid, 0.663 g D-glucose, and 0.457 g sodium chloride) was added (hematocrit: approximately 60%). RC-MAP stored for 7 d at 4°C was mixed with the same volume of MAP solution containing DPM, Trolox, human plasma or mannitol. RBC preparations (30 ml) in plastic tubes (50 ml centrifuge tube; IWAKI Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were agitated for 2 h at room temperature and subsequently exposed to 30 Gy of gamma ray i...

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“…The oxidation state of sulphydryl groups is also altered by radiation and the products of radiolysis lead to lipid hydroperoxides (Agrawal and Kale 2001, Zhao et al 2001). Nevertheless, radiation doses that alter the permeability properties of membranes are significantly higher than those that damage DNA (Kankura et al 1969). Hence, damage to DNA and processes responding to that damage that serve to maintain DNA integrity lie at the core of the cellular response to radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cellular radiosensitivity: How much better do we understand it?

Jeggo

Lavin

2009

International Journal of Radiation Biology

141

121

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2Purpose: Ionizing radiation exposure gives rise to a variety of lesions in DNA that result in genetic instability and potentially tumorigenesis or cell death. Radiation extends its effects on DNA by direct interaction or by radiolysis of H 2 O that generates free radicals or aqueous electrons capable of interacting with and causing indirect damage to DNA. While the various lesions arising in DNA after radiation exposure can contribute to the mutagenising effects of this agent, the potentially most damaging lesion is the DNA double strand break (DSB) that contributes to genome instability and/or cell death. Thus in many cases failure to recognise and/or repair this lesion determines the radiosensitivity status of the cell. DNA repair mechanisms including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have evolved to protect cells against DNA DSB. Mutations in proteins that constitute these repair pathways are characterised by radiosensitivity and genome instability. Defects in a number of these proteins also give rise to genetic disorders that feature not only genetic instability but also immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration and other pathologies. Conclusions: In the past fifty years our understanding of the cellular response to radiation damage has advanced enormously with insight being gained from a wide range of approaches extending from more basic early studies to the sophisticated approaches used today. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the impact of radiation on the cell and the organism gained from the array of past and present studies and attempt to provide an explanation for what it is that determines the response to radiation. A historical perspective. 3The damaging effects of X-rays became quickly evident after the description of this form of radiation by Roentgen in 1895. A number of reports described the acute effects that included dry itchy skin, swollen limbs and fingers, peeling of the skin and severe dermatitis. This was followed by reports of delayed effects including carcinoma and birth defects (Goldstein and Murphy 1929, Brown et al. 1936). These delayed effects were confirmed on a much broader scale after exposure to the atomic bombs in Japan and a series of accidental exposures extending to the latter part of the 20 th century (Awa et al. 1987, Neel et al. 1977, Miller 1995 Exposure to whole body radiation doses (>1Gy) leads to acute radiation syndrome that affects all organs with the gastrointestinal system (GI syndrome), the brain and the haematopoietic system being particularly vulnerable (Yoshimoto et al. 1981, Yoshimaru et al. 1995, Otake and Schull 1984. GI syndrome in manifested by dehydration, diarrhea, infection and in severe cases septic shock and death (Potten 1990 The nature of the lesions in DNA and other macromolecules are relatively well described; survival dose-response curves have been thoroughly analysed with different cell types; the relationship between DNA damage and mutation induction is well est...

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Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Passive Transport of Sodium Ion into Human Erythrocytes

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of gamma radiation on the transport of spin-labeled compounds across the erythrocyte membrane

Effect of gamma radiation on the transport of spin-labeled compounds across the erythrocyte membrane

Leakage of Potassium from Red Blood Cells following Gamma Ray Irradiation in the Presence of Dipyridamole, Trolox, Human Plasma or Mannitol

Cellular radiosensitivity: How much better do we understand it?

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