Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Resistance and Infection

Dw, Talmage

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.09.100155.002003

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In general, the earlier publications agree that antibody formation is more intensely suppressed when antigen is given a short time after severe total-body X radiation rather than before it (Benjamin and Sluka, 1908; and reviews by W. H. and L. G. Taliaferro, 1951, andTalmage, 1955). Recent work has substantiated and extended these results.…”

Section: Radiosensitivity Of Dijerent Stages In the Primary Immune Rementioning

confidence: 77%

“…I t has been suggested that the preinduction period may be related to the initial events involved in the fixation of antigen by the cells (Kohn, 1951), to the localization of the antigen in the antibody-forming sites or to the early metabolism of the antigen (Taliaferro, Taliaferro, and Janssen, 1952), or to the persisting adaptation of the gamma-globulin-synthesizing mechanism to the specific antigen (Dixon, Talmage, and Maurer, 1952). From the cellular standpoint, it has been suggested that irradiation damages a precursor of the antibody-forming cells or prevents certain cells from reaching a critical stage at which they can react properly with the antigen (Talmage, 1955). So far, no marked difference has been found in the gross localization of antigen following severe total-body X irradiation (Fitch et al, 1953, andIngraham, 1955), but this finding does not necessarily contradict the ideas of highly specific types of localization implied in the above suggestions.…”

Section: Radiosensitivity Of Dijerent Stages In the Primary Immune Rementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of the Immune Response by Radiation and Cortisone

Taliaferro

1957

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Section: Radiosensitivity Of Dijerent Stages In the Primary Immune Rementioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Radiosensitivity Of Dijerent Stages In the Primary Immune Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the Immune Response by Radiation and Cortisone

Taliaferro

1957

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…shigae, at intervals ranging from 6 to 48 hours. This lack of effect by x-irradiation is interpreted in the following way: it is believed that radiation affects only the early inductive phase of antibody formation (17). Consequently, immunological alterations by radiation injury are manifested only if antigen is given shortly after exposure to x-rays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Natural Antibodies to Gram-Negative Bacteria

Michael

Whitby

Landy

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

128

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A study was made of the origin, occurrence, and properties of natural antibodies to Gram-negative bacteria in the normal serum of several species. Antibody was measured by a procedure based on the bactericidal reaction carried out under conditions in which activity was a function of the amount of antibody contributed by the test serum. Antibody to seven genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were demonstrated in normal human serum. The specificity of these antibodies was affirmed by absorption with homologous bacteria and by inhibition of bactericidal activity with purified homologous somatic antigen. Absorption with graded amounts of bacterial suspensions showed that a large excess of bacteria led to non-specific removal of antibodies. Analogous findings were also made with immune antibody. As determined by quantitative absorption tests no difference could be found in the avidity of natural and immune antibody. Natural antibody in the serum of various species differed considerably as regards their lability to heat, but in parallel tests immune antibody of each species was significantly more heat-stable. The time and appearance of the antibodies varied in young animals, of different species. Mice developed these antibodies at the earliest age, with guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits following in that order. Serum from germ-free rats and chickens had no demonstrable antibodies to E. coli or S. typhosa whereas these antibodies were present in the serum of litter mates reared under conventional conditions. On the other hand germ-free and conventional mice did not differ appreciably as regards the levels of these same antibodies.

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“…Even at 6 weeks this function had not returned to normal (reactivity to Ea recovered more rapidly than reactivity to BGG). If an organ other than thymus or marrow produces the responsible precursor cells, recovery from irradiation in the recipient would necessarily be slow since, even in intact animals given large doses of irradiation, the return of immune function and of blood and tissue lymphocytes to normal levels takes 6 weeks or more (61)(62)(63)(64). We may be concerned with a gastrointestinal source organ, such as the appen-dix, acting as a mammalian homologue of the bursa of Fabric]us (12), or perhaps the spleen.…”

Section: Immunization ~K ~ )Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Thymus in Tolerance

Isaković

Smith

Waksman

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Rats thymectomized and irradiated as adults were restored to immunologic reactivity by grafts of normal adult rat thymus and bone marrow. Reactivity of the delayed (cellular) type and formation of mercaptoethanol-sensitive (MES) and mercaptoethanol-resistant (MER) antibody returned within 3 weeks, while Arthus reactivity remained subnormal till 9 weeks after irradiation and grafting. When the thymus donor was tolerant to BGG, the recipient showed specific non-reactivity to this antigen 3 weeks and, to a much lesser extent, 6 weeks after grafting. This non-reactivity affected delayed responses and MER antibody. No effect was noted on Arthus reactivity and a slight effect on MES antibody. Controls showed that the non-reactivity was not due to transfer of free antigen at the time of grafting. It was concluded that different source organs are responsible for different immune functions and that specific immunologic tolerance may be induced within such an organ as the thymus.

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Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Resistance and Infection

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Modification of the Immune Response by Radiation and Cortisone

Modification of the Immune Response by Radiation and Cortisone

Studies on Natural Antibodies to Gram-Negative Bacteria

Role of the Thymus in Tolerance

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