Effect of Iron/Folic Acid Supplementation on the Outcome of Malaria Episodes Treated with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine

Sazawal, Sunil; Black, Robert E.; Kabole, Ibrahim; Dutta, Arup; Dhingra, Usha; Ramsan, Mahdi

doi:10.1155/2014/625905

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the level of the organism, ferritin protects the host during active infection, limiting the availability of iron to pathogens (26)(27)(28). In fact, oral iron supplementation during infection increases mortality in humans (29) and hypoferremia and elevated serum ferritin is common in human populations exposed to high pathogen loads (30). These laboratory abnormalities can be induced experimentally in mice by injection of IL-1α or TNF-α (31), cytokines with known effects on macrophage iron uptake, storage and recirculation.…”

Section: Heavy Chain Ferritin During Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperferritinemia and inflammation

Kernan

Carcillo

2017

International Immunology

501

407

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of primary or secondary hemochromatosis. However, further work has shown that iron, redox biology and inflammation are inexorably linked. During infection, increased ferritin levels represent an important host defense mechanism that deprives bacterial growth of iron and protects immune cell function. It may also be protective, limiting the production of free radicals and mediating immunomodulation. Additionally, hyperferritinemia is a key acute-phase reactants, used by clinicians as an indication for therapeutic intervention, aimed at controlling inflammation in high-risk patients. One school of thought maintains that hyperferritinemia is an 'innocent bystander' biomarker of uncontrolled inflammation that can be used to gauge effectiveness of intervention. Other schools of thought maintain that ferritin induction could be a protective negative regulatory loop. Others maintain that ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation, especially in extreme hyperferritinemia, via direct immune-suppressive and pro-inflammatory effects. There is a clear need for further investigation of the role of ferritin in uncontrolled inflammatory conditions both as a biomarker and mediator of disease because its occurrence identifies patients with high mortality risk and its resolution predicts their improved survival.

show abstract

Section: Heavy Chain Ferritin During Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperferritinemia and inflammation

Kernan

Carcillo

2017

International Immunology

501

407

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…53,54 Also, iron supplements taken during infection increase the chances of mortality in human beings. 55 Elevated level of ferritin in the blood causes hypoferremia-like condition in patients who are exposed to very high pathogens. 56 Experimental studies performed in mice show effects on macrophages, uptake of iron, and recirculation and storage when they are injected with cytokines, interleukin IL-1α, or TNF-α.…”

Section: Inflammation and Hyperferritinemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of inflammatory markers in corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients: A review

Upadhyay

Tiwari

Ansari

2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The whole world is locked down due to the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (nCOVID-19). A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus pandemic 2019. Investigating the role of inflammatory mediators and understanding the virology of nCOVID-19 virus help in designing a rational and effective therapy for this infection. This review provides an overview of the inflammatory mediators activated during nCOVID-19 infection and the pathophysiology of this viral infection. In this review, the authors have a detailed discussion about the types of viral strains of nCOVID-19, its mechanism of action, host immune response, and the dysregulation caused by the viruses in the host immune system causing disease progression. Understanding the role of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and clinical immunology will be the approach to find out the possible novel therapeutic interventions. Therapies involving regulation of immune responses help in inhibiting the various steps in the pathologies of infection. Also, updated knowledge regarding the dysregulation of immune system and disease outcome in critically ill patients serves as a precautionary measure in the development and evaluation of vaccine. Impact statement In late 2019, a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2, expanded globally from Wuhan, China and was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the WHO. The mechanism of virus entry inside the host cell depends upon the cellular proteases including cathepsins, HAT, and TMPRSS2, which splits up the spike protein and causes further penetration. MERS coronavirus uses DPP4, while coronavirus HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 employ ACE-2 as the key receptor. Cytokine storm syndrome was analyzed in critically ill nCOVID-19 patients and it is presented with high inflammatory mediators, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. Among various inflammatory mediators, the level of interleukins (IL-2, IL-7, IL-10), G-CSF, MIP1A, MCP1, and TNF-α was reported to be higher in critically ill patients. Understanding this molecular mechanism of ILs, T cells, and dendritic cells will be helpful to design immunotherapy and novel drugs for the treatment of nCOVID-19 infection.

show abstract

“…The association between iron deficiency and malaria incidence is still controversial. Some studies have shown that iron supplementation may increase the risk of malaria incidence [ 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient Deficiencies and Plasmodium vivax Malaria among Children in the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence linking micronutrient deficiencies and malaria incidence arising mostly from P. falciparum endemic areas. We assessed the impact of micronutrient deficiencies on malaria incidence and vice versa in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe evaluated children <10 years old living in rural communities in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from May 2010 to May 2011. All children were assessed for sociodemographic, anthropometric and laboratory parameters, including vitamin A, beta-carotene, zinc and iron serum levels at the beginning of the study (May 2010) and one year later (May 2011). Children were followed in between using passive surveillance for detection of symptomatic malaria. Those living in the study area at the completion of the observation period were reassessed for micronutrient levels. Univariate Cox-proportional Hazards models were used to assess whether micronutrient deficiencies had an impact on time to first P. vivax malaria episode. We included 95 children median age 4.8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.3–6.6), mostly males (60.0%) and with high maternal illiteracy (72.6%). Vitamin A deficiencies were found in 36% of children, beta-carotene deficiency in 63%, zinc deficiency in 61% and iron deficiency in 51%. Most children (80%) had at least one intestinal parasite. During follow-up, 16 cases of vivax malaria were diagnosed amongst 13 individuals. Micronutrient deficiencies were not associated with increased malaria incidence: vitamin A deficiency [Hazard ratio (HR): 1.51; P-value: 0.45]; beta-carotene [HR: 0.47; P-value: 0.19]; zinc [HR: 1.41; P-value: 0.57] and iron [HR: 2.31; P-value: 0.16]). Upon reevaluation, children with al least one episode of malaria did not present significant changes in micronutrient levels.ConclusionMicronutrient serum levels were not associated with a higher malaria incidence nor the malaria episode influenced micronutrient levels. Future studies targeting larger populations to assess micronutrients levels in P. vivax endemic areas are warranted in order to validate these results.

show abstract

Effect of Iron/Folic Acid Supplementation on the Outcome of Malaria Episodes Treated with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Hyperferritinemia and inflammation

Hyperferritinemia and inflammation

Role of inflammatory markers in corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients: A review

Micronutrient Deficiencies and Plasmodium vivax Malaria among Children in the Brazilian Amazon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About