Effect of iron, zinc and boron on the growth, physiological state, productivity and storability of Allium Sativum L.

Abstract

The importance of studying in agriculture the impact of individual micronutrients on the course of production processes and their impact on the quality of garlic is an important issue. The influence of iron, zinc and boron in different norms against the background of the recommended norm NPK. The research results showed significant increasing of chlorophyll content by the application of Iron 10 and 20 kg/ha – 12.0 and 16.4%; by the application zinc increasing of chlorophyll was significant on all variants – 15.1; 48.0 and 30.4% in respectively with the norms. By the application of boron content of chlorophyll was the least significant – 10.9% at the maximum norm – 6 kg/ha. The dynamic activity of antioxidant enzymes was similar before the dynamics of growth processes. The activity of the enzyme was highest for the optimal norms of micronutrients. Among the studied complex of the enzymes most significantly increases actityes catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Zinc has the greatest effect on the formation of bulb mass. The increase in bulb weight by the application of zinc fertilizer was significant in all variants – + 14.3–20.0% to control. Fertilization with microelements in the minimum and optimal norms contributed to a significant increase in yield, the application of maximum norms led to a decrease in productivity in general, except boron, where plant productivity increased with increasing norms, from which it can be concluded that garlic needs were insufficient 6 kg/ha is not the maximum. With fertilization of iron in the norms of 10 and 20 kg/ha the yield increase was 4.26 and 4.85 t/ha and was significant, by the application of 30 kg/ha of iron the yield of garlic was higher than the control by 3.70 t/ha. Zinc fertilization had the best effect on yield increase (+ 4.25–5.12 t/ha). A significant increase in yield for boron fertilization was observed at the maximum rate (+3.26 t/ha). By the application of zinc and boron contributed to the extension of the marketability of garlic bulbs to 210 and 220 days for warm storage and up to 240 and 260 days for cold. During warm storage, after 210 and 260 days – during cold storage there was a mass germination of the cloves. Bulbs of the control variant and y the application of iron germinated after 120 and 180 and 190–210 days according to the variant and storage regime. Further research is to study the combinations of the studied micronutrients on physiological processes and biochemical parameters and to optimize their norms for local fertilization.

Effect of Foliar Spray of Boron and their Time of Application on Yield, Quality and Economics of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

“…In case of treatment with different boron levels, highest ascorbic acid content (3.48 mg/100 g) was found with treatment B 3 (boron spray at 200 ppm), which was closely followed (3.34 mg/100 g) bytreatment B 2 (boron spray at 150 ppm). Similar results showing an increase in ascorbic acid content with an increase in rate of boron application to the soil were obtained by Yatsenko et al [20] while working with garlic. Treatment of roots with spray at different times also had a significant impact on ascorbic acid content in roots.…”

Biofertilizers Enhance Quality of Onion

“…b ratio pointed out a stronger positive relationship between Zn and chlorophyll a synthesis. Zn was reported as an element that increases the antioxidant enzyme activity in onion [41], and this research provides an explanation for the negative correlation noted for Zn content and antioxidant activity of onion bulbs in the present study. The genetic variability may be one of the possible reasons for differences between the onion cultivars' Zn content in bulbs.…”

Growth, yield and zinc accumulation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) as affected by zinc supply on zinc deficient soils

“…The lowest values of all the yield attributes were associated with the NPK control (Table 3). The increased yield might be attributed to higher availability of zinc and its influence on enhanced enzymatic and photosynthetic activity with greater zinc translocation rate (Yadav et al 2018;Zakiullah et al, 2019;Yatsenko et al, 2020). Bulb size and diameter are the most important factors closely related with yield per hectare, which also increased with the addition of zinc sulphate.…”

“…Hence balanced fertilizer schedule must also include zinc addition and optimized based on crop requirement and soil fertility status (Yadav et al, 2018). Studies have demonstrated that, supply of zinc increased the transport and accumulation of zinc in plants and its use efficiency by plants (Yousuf et al, 2016;Yatsenko et al, 2020). Some studies have shown that zinc fertilization increased the crop growth and yield in cereals, oilseeds and vegetables (Cakmak et al, 2017).…”

“…Zinc plays an active role in many metabolic and physiological processes of plants such as cell wall development, photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll formation and also involved in the catalytic functions of more than 300 enzymes (Alloway, 2008;Yadav et al, 2018). It is very much essential for the synthesis of Indole acetic acid which regulates plant growth and also necessary for chlorophyll formation and starch synthesis (Zakiullah et al, 2019;Yatsenko et al, 2020). Garlic being a cash crop, increment in yield with balanced fertilization is one of the identified researchable issues hence the study was taken up to optimize the rate of zinc sulphate application for obtaining better growth, higher yield, quality of cloves, Zn availability and its uptake by garlic.…”