“…Several studies, for example, have shown that the reactivity of isolated rats to electric shock increases (Sahakian & Robbins, 1977;Viken, Moore, Knutson, & Fordyce, 1982) while others have found it to decrease (Coudereau, Monier, Bourre, & Frances, 1997;Gentsch et al, 1988;Schwandt, 1993;Viveros et al, 1988). As for the reactivity to restraint, some studies have reported an increases in rats reared in isolation (Gamallo, Villanua, Trancho, & Fraile, 1986;Płaźnik, Pałejko, Stefański, & Kostowski, 1993) whereas others have shown a decrease in reactivity (Giralt & Armario, 1989).…”