Effect of Jasmonates Differed at Fruit Ripening Stages on 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase and ACC Oxidase Gene Expression in Pears

Abstract

<jats:p>The effects of <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ), which is a jasmonic acid derivative, on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase activities, their gene expressions, and ethylene productions in ‘La France’ pears (<jats:italic>Pyrus communis</jats:italic> L.) were investigated. The fruit was harvested 156 days after full bloom, stored at 4 °C for 15 days, ripened at 20 °C, and then dipped into 0.39 m<jats:sc>m</jats:sc> PDJ solution at the preclimacteric stage (0 day of ripening at 20 °C) or the climacteric stage (9 days of ripening at 20 °C). In the skin of the PDJ-treated fruit at the preclimacteric stage, the expressions of <jats:italic>ACC synthase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ACS</jats:italic>)<jats:italic>1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ACC oxidase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ACO</jats:italic>)<jats:italic>1</jats:italic> were higher than the expressions of those in the untreated control. Ethylene production also increased in the PDJ-treated fruit. In contrast, the accumulation of the <jats:italic>ACS1</jats:italic> messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the skin and an increase of ethylene production were observed in the untreated control fruit at the climacteric stage, although the levels of mRNAs hybridized with <jats:italic>ACO1</jats:italic> were not different between the PDJ-treated fruit and untreated control. The endogenous jasmonic acid levels in the skin increased in the PDJ-treated fruit regardless of the application times of PDJ. These results indicate that <jats:italic>ACS1</jats:italic> may be an ACC synthase gene that is induced by jasmonates in pears, and that system 2 ethylene may be regulated by jasmonates.</jats:p>

Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in two plum cultivars. 2. Improvement of fruit quality and antioxidant systems during postharvest storage

“…Thus, the inhibition of ethylene production by MeJA is supported by the reduced expression of ACS (ACC synthase), ACO (ACC oxidase) and ethylene receptors (ETR) transcripts in peach (Ruiz et al, 2013). Contrarily, enhanced expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes has been found in pear by MeJA treatment (Kondo et al, 2007). On the other hand, postharvest 1 mM MeJA treatment increased and advanced ethylene production in 3 plum cultivars, by increasing ACS and ACO activities (Khan and Singh, 2007).…”

“…Accordingly, previous reports have also found that the effect of MeJA on ethylene production depends on MeJA concentration, fruit species and even cultivar. For instance, preharvest exogenous application of MeJA inhibited or enhanced fruit ethylene production in apple and pear, when applied at low and high concentrations, respectively (Fan et al, 1997;Kondo et al, 2007) …”

Jasmonate-induced ripening delay is associated with up-regulation of polyamine levels in peach fruit

“…Moreover, they induce disease resistance and decrease chilling injury during storage (González-Aguilar et al, 2000;Yao and Tian, 2005;Cao et al, 2008). Nevertheless, relationships between JAs and ethylene during ripening are not uniform, and appear to depend heavily upon fruit species and cultivar, and the physiological stage of application (Fan et al, 1998;Khan and Singh, 2007;Kondo et al, 2007;Ziosi et al, 2008). In peach fruit, it has been demonstrated that when exogenously applied, under field conditions, MJ and PDJ delay the increase in PpACO1 and polygalacturonase transcription at ripening .…”

Utilización de agentes de abscisión de la uva para optimizar la vendimia mecanizada

“…En general, se ha observado que el estado del desarrollo de la fruta en el momento de la aplicación de los jasmonatos es un factor importante para el aumento de la producción de etileno en manzana Malus domestica Borkh. (Fan et al, 1997), pera Pyrus communis L. (Kondo et al, 2007) y fresa Fragaria ananassa Duch. (Mukkun y Singh, 2009 Como se ha comentado anteriormente, la vendimia mecanizada produce daños mecánicos a la uva de vinificación y produce liberación de mosto, que puede deteriorar la calidad de la cosecha al fomentar procesos de oxidación indeseables.…”

“…Diversos autores han encontrado incrementos significativos tanto en frutos climatéricos (Fan et al, 1998;Saniewski et al, 1987a;Saniewski et al, 1987 b;Ozturk et al, 2014;Khan y Singh, 2010) como no climatéricos Kender et al, 2001). Se ha observado además que la aplicación de MeJA produce un incremento de los niveles de las enzimas ACS y ACO, implicadas en los últimos pasos de la síntesis de etileno; por ejemplo, en aplicaciones a concentración 111,2 mg•L -1 de MeJA previas al punto de madurez en fresa Fragaria ananassa (Mukkun y Singh, 2009), Fragaria chiloensis (Concha et al, 2013) (Kondo et al, 2007). Los trabajos realizados por y Kender et al (2001) en naranjo son los únicos en la bibliografía en los que se han estudiado simultáneamente los efectos de la aplicación de MeJA en la producción endógena de etileno del fruto, la FDF y la caída prematura de frutos.…”