Effect of kaolin content on the performances of kaolin-hybridized soybean meal-based adhesives for wood composites

Zhang, Binghan; Chang, Ziwen; Li, Jin; Li, Xu; Kan, Yufei; Gao, Zhenhua

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.106919

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Kaolin has a general formula of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 , which has a typical 1:1 layered silicate structure. [ 20 ] The layered structure of kaolin has uniform‐pore distribution, and it shows good mobility and transport toward Zn 2+ in a neutral environment. [ 21 ] Inspired by its merits, kaolin was adopted as an interfacial and protective layer on the surface of Zn anode to modulate the transference of Zn 2+ while isolating bulk electrolyte from the metal Zn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sieve‐Functional and Uniform‐Porous Kaolin Layer toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode

Deng

Xie

Han

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

524

363

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Zinc metal is considered as one of the best anode choices for rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries due to its high specific capacity, abundance, and safety. However, dendrite and corrosion issues remain a challenge for this system. Herein, sieve-element function (selective channel of Zn 2+ ) and uniform-pore distribution (≈3.0 nm) of a kaolin-coated Zn anode (KL-Zn) is proposed to alleviate these problems. Based on the artificial Zn metal/electrolyte interface, the KL-Zn anode not only ensures dendritefree deposition and long-time stability (800 h at 1.1 mA h cm −2 ), but also retards side reactions. As a consequence, KL-Zn/MnO 2 batteries can deliver high specific capacity and good capacity retention as well as a reasonably well-preserved morphology (KL-Zn) after 600 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 . This work provides a deep step toward high-performance rechargeable Zn-based battery system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sieve‐Functional and Uniform‐Porous Kaolin Layer toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode

Deng

Xie

Han

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

524

363

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“…The boiling‐water‐insoluble content of the filler–EMPA system reflects the degree of chemical reaction between the filler and the crosslinker EMPA, which further indicates the efficiency of hybridization between the inorganic filler and the organic polymer and is positively correlated with the water resistance of the modified adhesive . The boiling‐water‐insoluble contents of the five inorganic fillers alone, in increasing order, are 71.77% (MM), 84.01% (KL), 92.72% (TC), 94.03% (LCC), and 95.19% (HCC), whereas the boiling‐water‐insoluble content of the cured crosslinker alone was 81.17%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adhesives are denoted as DSF‐HCC, DSF‐LCC, DSF‐TC, DSF‐KL, and DSF‐MM according to the inorganic filler used. The filler content was 30 wt % based on the weight of the DSF flour or 28.8 wt % based on the weight of the solid organic components (DSF + EMPA) according to the preferable filler content optimized in previous study . An adhesive prepared with DSF flour without an inorganic filler was selected as the control and is denoted as Con‐DSF.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inorganic filler on performance and cost effectiveness of a soybean‐based adhesive

Chang

Sun

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A modified soybean-based adhesive with improved bonding properties and technological applicability but reduced cost was developed based on the effects of inorganic fillers on the performance of a defatted soybean meal flour (DSF) adhesive. Investigations with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, rheology tests, zeta potential analysis, and plywood evaluation demonstrated that adding inorganic fillers could improve the technological applicability of the adhesive by alleviating shear thinning and decreasing the viscosity up to 71.2%, reduce the adhesive cost up to 9.5% and result in various effects on bonding properties. Two fillers, montmorillonoid and kaolin, were suitable for plywood for exterior use owing to significantly improved water resistance up to 58.9% resulting from penetration of DSF/crosslinker chains into the interlayers of the silicates via intercalation, stable chemical bonds between the fillers and crosslinker, and excellent compatibility between the filler particles and DSF adhesive.Recently, adhesives based on defatted soybean meal flour (DSF) are commonly composed of DSF and epichlorohydrin-modified polyamide (EMPA) solution (as either a crosslinker or a disperser); the two components are stored separately but mechanically blended at room temperature to formulate the adhesive immediately before use. According to the latest market costs (November, 2019) of the EMPA solution (approximately 370 USD/ton) and DSF (approximately 700 USD/ton), this DSF-based adhesive costs approximately 480 USD/ton, which is 29.7% more than adhesives containing the dominant urea-formaldehyde resin (approximately 370 USD/ton). The higher cost results in poor market competition, limiting wide application in wood composites.

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“…[1,2] Nevertheless, they are derived from non-sustainable petroleumbased materials, and release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose serious threats to the human health. [3,4] In contrast, bio-adhesives made from biomass, such as tannins, carbohydrates, and proteins, are non-toxic and sustainable, which are considered as alternatives to the formaldehyde-based resins. [5][6][7][8] Proteins-especially soybean protein-are renewable, inexpensive, and abundant adhesive materials.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mame202000458mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pressure from High‐Pressure Homogenization on the Performance of Soybean Flour Based‐Adhesive

Zhang

Shi

Zhan³

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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A green and sustainable soybean flour (SF) adhesive is considered as a potential alternative to toxic formaldehyde‐based resins. Nevertheless, poor bond stability and low bonding strength is caused by the uneven size distribution and low reactivity of SF. Herein, SF adhesives with excellent and stable performance are synthesized via the synergistic action of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment by incorporating a green crosslinker. Specifically, an even distribution of the SF particles is obtained after the HPH treatment, from which large soy protein molecules are broken to several small and even single protein molecules. In this way, the adhesion stability is improved. Additionally, more active groups buried in proteins are exposed after the HPH treatment due to the unfolding of the protein molecules. Therefore, a more reactive SF is obtained and thus forms a denser crosslinking structure of resultant the adhesive, providing an increase in bonding strength. Particularly, the effects of homogenizing pressure on the adhesive performance are investigated. The results show that a 215.6% increase of wet bonding strength (1.01 MPa) is obtained after the HPH treatment with a homogenizing pressure of 20 MPa, meeting the standards (GB/T 9846‐2015) for interior applications.

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Effect of kaolin content on the performances of kaolin-hybridized soybean meal-based adhesives for wood composites

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

A Sieve‐Functional and Uniform‐Porous Kaolin Layer toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode

A Sieve‐Functional and Uniform‐Porous Kaolin Layer toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode

Effects of inorganic filler on performance and cost effectiveness of a soybean‐based adhesive

Effects of Pressure from High‐Pressure Homogenization on the Performance of Soybean Flour Based‐Adhesive

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