Effect of Korean Red Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) on Melanogenic Protein Expression in Murine B16 Melanoma

Down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expressions by citrus press-cakes in murine B16 F10 melanoma

“…Especially, development of novel whitening phytochemicals from natural sources has become new popular trends recently [10] . Actually, several studies have focused on the inhibition of melanogenesis and the prevention of abnormal pigmentation for cosmetic reasons [11][12][13] .…”

“…The cell viability assay was carried out as described using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma Chemical Co.) [11] . Shortly thereafter, B16F10 murine melanoma cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were plated in a 24-well plate.…”

“…Intracellular melanin content was measured as previous described with some modifications [11] . The cells were treated with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) (100 nmol/L) for 24 h, and further treated with CCE (12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL) for another 24 h. After treatments, the cells were detached by incubation in trypsin/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and subsequently centrifuged at 5 000 g for 5 min, and then the cell pellets were solubilized in NaOH at 60 °C for 60 min.…”

“…Cellular tyrosinase activity was measured by the method of Yen (1) rutin, (2) narirutin, (3) naringin, (4) hesperidin, (5) neohesperidin, (6) neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, (7) naringenin, (8) hesperetin, (9) aprgrnin, (10) nobiletin, (11) tangeretin, (12) auraptene was diluted with ethanol to obtain a series concentration of working solutions, and subjected to HPLC analysis.…”

Biological activities and biomedical potential of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus): a review

“…Although, tyrosinase inhibitors including hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, electron-rich phenols and arbutin have been used for the treatment of abnormal pigmentation through inhibition of converting tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), these tyrosinase inhibitors have many side effects such as skin irritation, cytotoxic to melanocytes, carcinogenicity, low formulation stability and poor skin penetration (Chen et al 2015). Yoon et al (2010) evaluated the anti-melanogenesis activity of the ethanolic extracts and solvent-partitioned fractions (n-hexane, CHCl 3 , EtOAc, BuOH, and water) from S. japonicus. The results indicate that EtOAc causes the highest reduction of melanin content and the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins (tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF) in B16 cells.…”