Effect of L-alanyl-glycine dipeptide on calcium oxalate crystallization in artificial urine

Elucidating the role of hyaluronic acid in the structure and morphology of calcium oxalate crystals

“…The COD form is often present in the urine of healthy subjects while COM calculi are more prevalent in the urine of recurrent stone formers compared with urine from healthy subjects [14,15]. Thus, recent reports focused on how natural and synthetic additives, for example, amino acids [16][17][18][19], polymers [20,21], lipids [22], proteins [23,24], peptides [25,26], metal ions [27][28][29], and carboxylic acids [30,31], affect the formation of the different forms of CaOx and how they can be leveraged to prevent or treat kidney stones. Various additives show specific binding with different surfaces of the CaOx crystals and can inhibit their growth via various mechanisms [32].…”

“…Various additives show specific binding with different surfaces of the CaOx crystals and can inhibit their growth via various mechanisms [32]. Very low levels of these additives can have a dramatic effect on the structure and morphology of CaOx crystals [25]. In the present study, we focus on hyaluronic acid (HA), a commonly found protein in urine.…”

Antioxidant Activity of Auricularia auricula Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights and Cytotoxicity Difference of Polysaccharides Regulated CaOx to HK-2 Cells

“…CaOx kidney stones have two main forms: CaOx monohydrate (COM) and CaOx dihydrate (COD). COM likely adheres to the renal wall [4], whereas COD is prone to excretion from the body. Compared with healthy controls, kidney stone patients show higher levels of COM and lower levels of COD in their urine [5].…”