Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Mirenayat, Mohammad Sadegh; Moradi, Sajjad; Mohammadi, Hamed

doi:10.1007/s11906-018-0898-3

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In older adults, previous studies reported an improvement [23,36,37] or no change [38,39] in BP. Regarding citrulline, recent reviews reported that chronic intake has little or no effect on resting BP in healthy subjects [40] while in hypertensive patients it improves significantly endothelial dysfunction [22]. In the present study, 4 weeks of daily nitrate and citrulline intake induced a 7.5 and 6.8 mmHg reduction in SBP and MBP in older adults respectively, confirming the beneficial effect of NO precursor supplementation on resting BP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in older individuals

Roux-Mallouf

Pelen

Vallejo

et al. 2019

Aging

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Increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability may improve exercise performance and vascular function. It remains unclear whether older adults who experience a decreased NO bioavailability may benefit from chronic NO precursor supplementation. This randomised, double-blind, trial aims to assess the effect of chronic NO precursor intake on vascular function and exercise performance in older adults (60-70 years old). Twenty-four healthy older adults (12 females) performed vascular function assessment and both local (knee extensions) and whole-body (incremental cycling) exercise tests to exhaustion before and after one month of daily intake of a placebo (PLA) or a nitrate-rich salad and citrulline (N+C, 520mg nitrate and 6g citrulline) drink. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and stiffness, post-ischemic, hypercapnic and hypoxic vascular responses were evaluated. Prefrontal cortex and quadriceps oxygenation was monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. N+C supplementation reduced mean BP (-3.3mmHg; p=0.047) without altering other parameters of vascular function and oxygenation kinetics. N+C supplementation reduced heart rate and oxygen consumption during submaximal cycling and increased maximal power output by 5.2% (p<0.05), but had no effect on knee extension exercise performance. These results suggest that chronic NO precursor supplementation in healthy older individuals can reduce resting BP and increase cycling performance by improving cardiorespiratory responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in older individuals

Roux-Mallouf

Pelen

Vallejo

et al. 2019

Aging

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“…L-citrulline is non-essential amino acid that found in abundance in watermelon. Potential beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic health [119,120] have been reported. In a recent study, 22 patients with flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery (< 5.5%) were recruited take 800 mg/day of L-citrulline for 8 weeks.…”

Section: L-citrullinementioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effects of nutraceuticals and natural products on small dense LDL levels, LDL particle number and LDL particle size: a clinical review

et al. 2020

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that smaller and denser low-dense lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are independent atherogenic risk factors for CVD due to their greater susceptibility to oxidation, and permeability in the endothelium of arterial walls. sdLDL levels are an independent risk factor and of more predictive value than total LDL-C for the assessment of coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Functional food ingredients have attracted significant attention for the management of dyslipidemia and subsequently increase cardio-metabolic health. However, to date there is no study that has investigated the effect of these bioactive natural compounds on sdLDL levels. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the evidence accrued on the effect of special dietary ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines on the levels of sdLDL, LDL particle number, and LDL particle size. Based on the results of the existing clinical trials this review suggests that natural products such as medicinal plants, nutraceuticals and omega-3 fatty acids can be used as adjunct or complementary therapeutic agents to reduce sdLDL levels, LDL particle numbers or increase LDL particle size and subsequently may prevent and treat CVD, with the advantage that theses natural agents are generally safe, accessible, and inexpensive.

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“…However, in studies focusing on a usual diet, excluding supraphysiological intake through dietary supplementation, dietary arginine was not found to be associated with BP [ 65 , 66 ]. A meta-analysis study recruiting a total of 139 adults from five trials demonstrated that citrulline supplementation has no beneficial effect on BP [ 67 ]. Dietary alanine was shown to have a positive relation with BP in the INTERMAP study and in the THIS-DIET study [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Amino Acids and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids and Developmental Origins of Hypertension

Hsu

Tain

2020

Nutrients

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During pregnancy, amino acids are important biomolecules that play essential roles in fetal growth and development. Imbalanced amino acid intake during gestation may produce long-term morphological or functional changes in offspring, for example, developmental programming that increases the risk of developing hypertension in later life. Conversely, supplementation with specific amino acids could reverse the programming processes in early life, which may counteract the rising epidemic of hypertension. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting the importance of amino acids during pregnancy and fetal development, the impact of amino acids on blood pressure regulation, insight from animal models in which amino acids were used to prevent hypertension of developmental origin, and interactions between amino acids and the common mechanisms underlying development programming of hypertension. A better understanding of the pathophysiological roles of specific amino acids and their interactions in developmental programming of hypertension is essential so that pregnant mothers are able to benefit from accurate amino acid supplementation during pregnancy in order to prevent hypertension development in their children.

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Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in older individuals

Effect of chronic nitrate and citrulline supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance in older individuals

The beneficial effects of nutraceuticals and natural products on small dense LDL levels, LDL particle number and LDL particle size: a clinical review

Amino Acids and Developmental Origins of Hypertension

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