Effect of Large Doses of Estrogens on the Blood Picture of Dogs

Tyslowitz, R.; Dingemanse, E.

doi:10.1210/endo-29-5-817

Cited by 53 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Estrogens can produce anemia and aplasia of the marrow experimentally (29), but this has not proved to be a significant deterrent in treating patients with large doses of estrogens intravenously and moderate doses by mouth. Thrombocytopenia associated with estrogen therapy has been observed rarely by others (30) and not at all by the author.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy With Estrogens

Roberts

1961

J American Geriatrics Society

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy With Estrogens

Roberts

1961

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…If operative in erythroid cells, this mechanism might account for some of the biological effects of estrogens on erythropoiesis. These include induction of anemia in mammals treated with high doses of estrogens (13,15,34,53), reduction of the number of human bone marrowderived erythroid progenitor cells grown in the presence of estrogens (3), and delay of maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived erythroid progenitor cells (45). In the latter case, the block in differentiation is associated with reduced expression of many erythroid-cell-expressed genes (45).…”

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confidence: 99%

Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibition of the Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-1

Blobel

Orkin

1996

Molecular and Cellular Biology

108

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Steroid hormones regulate diverse biological functions, including programmed cell death (apoptosis).Although steroid receptors have been studied extensively, relatively little is known regarding the cellular targets through which apoptosis is triggered. We show here that the ligand-activated estrogen receptor (ER) induces apoptosis in an erythroid cell line by binding to, and consequently inhibiting the activity of, GATA-1, an erythroid transcription factor essential for the survival and maturation of erythroid precursor cells. GATA-1 inhibition is reflected in the downregulation of presumptive GATA-1 target genes. Constitutive overexpression of a GATA-binding protein resistant to the effects of the ER partially rescues ER-induced apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by a mutant ER defective in binding to the estrogen response element but active in GATA-1 inhibition suggests that ER-mediated inhibition of GATA-1 is direct and does not require estrogen response element-dependent transcriptional activation. Thus, a lineage-restricted transcription factor, such as GATA-1, constitutes one cellular target through which steroid hormones may control apoptosis. As GATA-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved, we speculate that members of the steroid receptor family may exert some of their diverse biological functions in different cellular contexts through interference with the function of GATA-binding proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Hyperestrogenism apparently blocks the use of erythropoietin by stem cells or causes a decrease in production of extrarenal precursors of erythropoietin. 7,8 Excessive estrogen can cause a condition similar to, but clearly distinct from, prolonged proestrus or estrus, nymphomania, and behavioral changes. 6 It is characterized by bilateral symmetric alopecia, enlargement of the vulva, and abnormalities of the estrous cycle, 3,8 all of which were consistent with the clinical signs, high estrogen concentration of > 500 pg/mL, ultrasonographic findings of a thickened uterine wall, and hemorrhagic discharge from the vulva for a prolonged period in the bitch puppy reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theriogenology Question of the Month

Schwarze

Threlfall²

2008

javma

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HistoryA 4-month-old 2.90-kg (6.38-lb) sexually intact female Bichon Frise was referred to our veterinary medical teaching hospital because of persistent hemorrhagic discharge from the vulva. The owner had purchased the puppy 35 days ago. Five days after the purchase, the owner reported that the dog began repeatedly licking its vulva and had bloody discharge from the vulva. Also, the vulva was noticeably swollen. A referring veterinarian examined the dog and performed a vaginal cytologic examination, which revealed numerous bacilli and RBCs but no leukocytes. A presumptive diagnosis of vaginitis was made, and amoxicillin was prescribed for 14 days. The hemorrhagic discharge persisted, and the dog was reexamined by the referring veterinarian immediately before referral to our facility. A CBC was performed and revealed an RBC count of 6.88 X 10 6 cells/µL (reference range, 4.7 X 10 6 cells/µL to 8.5 X 10 6 cells/µL), Hct of 46.6% (reference range, 32% to 55%), and hemoglobin concentration of 14.7 g/dL (reference range, 10.3 to 18.0 g/dL).At the time of admission at our facility (30 days after onset of hemorrhagic discharge from the vulva), the owner reported that urinations and defecations appeared to be normal. The owner had not noticed any changes in water consumption or other behaviors of the dog, and no other animals were in the household. The dog was current with regard to vaccinations and was not receiving any medications at the time of admission. The owner was specifically questioned with regard to whether the dog was receiving or exposed to exogenous estrogens, and the owner stated that the puppy was not receiving any estrogencontaining products and did not have access to exogenous estrogens.Physical examination revealed that the dog had a rectal temperature of 38.6°C (101.4°F). Respiratory rate and heart rate were within the respective reference ranges. Body condition score was 3 on a scale of 1 to 5. Mucous membranes were pink, capillary refill time was < 2 seconds, and the dog had no clinical signs of pallor, all of which were considered indicative that she was not anemic at the time of admission. 1,2 Results of palpation of the abdomen and lymph nodes were unremarkable.A small amount of serohemorrhagic discharge was evident at the vulva. Results of cytologic examination of a specimen collected from the cranial portion of the vagina revealed 70% cornified epithelial cells, 30% intermediate cells, moderate amounts of mucus and debris, numerous RBCs, no leukocytes, and no bacteria. QuestionWhat is the most likely cause of the persistent (30 days' duration) hemorrhagic discharge from the vulva of this female puppy? Please turn the page.

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Effect of Large Doses of Estrogens on the Blood Picture of Dogs

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy With Estrogens

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy With Estrogens

Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibition of the Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-1

Theriogenology Question of the Month

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