“…Sun et al (2002) studied the S. litura sex pheromone mating system and found that the sex pheromone components, Z9, E11-14:Ac and Z9, E12-14;Ac, which were collected from female S. litura of Shanghai, China, had a ratio of 100:27; however, Tamaki & Yushima (1974) studied S. litura in Japan and found that the proportion of the same two components was 9:1. These variations could have been caused by various natural factors, including food (Groot et al, 2008), age, mating status, and environmental conditions such as photoperiod, temperature (Ono, 1994;Ding et al, 2014) and the use of pesticides (Trimble et al, 2004;Wei et al, 2004;Shen et al, 2013), which are factors with known effects on the female sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway. Accordingly, conspecific males adapt to these biotic and abiotic factors (Jarriault et al, 2009;Groot et al, 2010;Barrozo et al, 2011;Deisig et al, 2012;Rabhi et al, 2014Rabhi et al, , 2016Schlager et al, 2015), which leads to the modulation of odour-driven behaviour through the concerted regulation of odour maps (Saveer et al, 2012).…”