Effect of laser power on oxygen and nitrogen concentration of commercially pure titanium manufactured by selective laser melting

Na, Tae‐Wook; Kim, Won Rae; Yang, Seung-Min; Kwon, Ohyung; Park, Jong Min; Kim, Gun-Hee; Jung, Kyung‐Hwan; Lee, Chang-Woo; Park, Hyung-Ki

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2018.03.003

Cited by 79 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Since the clads were produced in N 2 atmosphere, there is a possibility of nitrogen dissolution in the clads during melting process. Past literature shows an increasing dissolved nitrogen content in the AM component with increasing VED 92,93 . Therefore, increasing VED and slower cooling rates would facilitate nitrogen dissolution in the clads.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization At the Beginning Of The Comentioning

confidence: 80%

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Murkute

Pasebani

Isgor

2020

Sci Rep

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this study aims to improve the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel by cladding it with super duplex stainless steel using laser powder bed fusion process. critical process parameters such as laser power, laser scan speed, hatch spacing, and powder layer thickness were optimized to achieve the best possible metallurgical bonding between the clad and the substrate. the evaporative losses experienced during the laser melting process resulted in clad layers with lower chromium content (12-25 wt. %) as compared to 26 wt. % of the feedstock powder. A clad thickness of 65.8 µm was achieved after melting ten 50 µm thick powder layers. the higher cooling rates associated with laser powder bed fusion resulted in fine high aspect ratio columnar grain structures with predominantly ferrite grains; however, widmanstätten austenite needles were observed with increasing laser scan speeds. increasing scan speed had a negative impact on the thickness, corrosion resistance, and the pitting potential of the clads exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. Clads produced at the lowest scan speeds showed comparable corrosion resistance to rolled and annealed super duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are a special class of ferrous alloys with a balanced ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ) phase microstructure. This dual-phase structure imparts these steels a high strength, toughness, and increased corrosion resistance in environments containing acids, acid chlorides, seawater, and caustic chemicals. Super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) 1 are a variant of DSS with higher Cr (25-26 wt. %) and Mo (4 wt. %) contents. SDSS typically shows superior pitting and stress corrosion cracking resistance than DSS; therefore, the use of SDSS has been increasing in highly corrosive environments, including oil and gas infrastructure, desalination plants, chemical storage tanks, heat exchangers, and paper/pulp manufacturing facilities 1. Although low carbon steel (LCS) remains to be the most widely used ferrous alloy, its applications are limited because it is highly vulnerable to corrosion in neutral, acidic, or saline environments 2. Corrosion-resistant SDSS alloys possess superior corrosion resistance than the LCS for the aforementioned applications, albeit with a significantly higher material cost. One of the viable means to reduce the component cost without compromising on service life is to manufacture a composite with a low-cost tough and ductile substrate cladded with a wear and corrosion resistant surface, as in the case of SDSS clads on an LCS substrate. These dissimilar metal composites (cladded systems) have been produced in the past using conventional manufacturing techniques such as welding 3-5 , diffusion bonding 6 , powder roll bonding 7 , hot rolling 8 , and reduction bonding 9. However, conventionally manufactured composites are often unfit for field use due to substandard clad-substrate bonding, often leading to clad delamination when subjected to operational stresses in the field. This substandard bond typically ...

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Section: Electrochemical Characterization At the Beginning Of The Comentioning

confidence: 80%

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Murkute

Pasebani

Isgor

2020

Sci Rep

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“…% under high temperature (>800 • C) [24]. As is well known, the solid solution of oxygen can dramatically harden the matrix phase of titanium alloys [25]. In titanium, the lattice parameters of the hexagonal close packed crystal structure are a = 0.295 nm and c = 0.468 nm, giving a c/a ratio of 1.587.…”

Section: Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…substrate, which implies that the deposited coatings possess better wear resistance than Ti6Al4V substrate. According to the Archard theory, the wear loss M of specimens is calculated as [25,26]:…”

Section: Wear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Coating Fabricated by Electro-Spark Deposition

Wang

Han

2018

Metals

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In this study, a Ti6Al4V coating with a large thickness of more than 550 µm was successfully deposited onto the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by electro-spark deposition. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness and wear resistance of the deposited coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness and wear tester, respectively. The results show that the deposited coating is mainly composed of α’ martensite. The interface between the deposited coating and the underlying substrate is even and consecutive, which implies that a good metallurgical bond was obtained. The average hardness of the deposited coating is ~540 HV, which is about 1.6 times that of the substrate. The wear resistance of deposited coatings is obviously superior to the substrate. Under same conditions, the friction coefficient of the deposited coating decreases by about 0.19. The cumulative mass loss of the coating specimens is only about 1.58 mg in 20 min tests, while the mass loss of the substrate is ~3.6 mg. The analysis indicates that the improvement on wear resistance can be mainly attributed to the high hardness of the deposited coating, i.e., the hardened coating relieves the micro-cutting and adhesive wear in wear processes.

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“…However, unlike DED the process takes place within an argon filled chamber rather than using a localised shielding gas. In SLM, the level of oxidation to the material has been found to be dependent on the laser beam power, with higher laser power resulting in more oxidation and a hardness increase in the material [40]. During SEBM, vacuum chambers are used to prevent oxygen exposure.…”

Section: Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

Childerhouse

Jackson

2019

Metals

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Near net shape (NNS) manufacturing offers an alternative to conventional processes for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. Compared to the conventional routes, which typically require extensive material removal of forged billets, NNS methods offer more efficient material usage and can significantly reduce machining requirements. Furthermore, NNS manufacturing processes offer benefits such as greater flexibility and reduced costs compared to conventional methods. Processes such as metal additive manufacturing (AM) have started to be adopted in niche applications, most notably for the manufacture of medical implants, where many conventionally forged components have been replaced by those manufactured by AM processes. However, for more widespread adoption of these emerging processes, an improvement in the confidence in the techniques by manufacturers is necessary. This requires addressing challenges such as the limited mechanical properties of parts in their as-built condition compared to wrought products and the post-process machining requirements of components manufactured by these routes. In this review, processes which use a powder or wire feedstock are evaluated to assess their capabilities for the manufacture of titanium alloy components. These processes include powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition metal additive processes as well as hybrid routes, which combine powder metallurgy with thermomechanical post-processing.

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Effect of laser power on oxygen and nitrogen concentration of commercially pure titanium manufactured by selective laser melting

Cited by 79 publications

References 33 publications

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Coating Fabricated by Electro-Spark Deposition

Near Net Shape Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Components from Powder and Wire: A Review of State-of-the-Art Process Routes

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