Effect of lead and applied potential on corrosion of carbon steel in steam generator crevice solutions

Bojinov, Martin; Jäppinen, Essi; Saario, Timo; Sipilä, Konsta; Toivonen, Aki

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108117

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that no Mo was observed in oxides on carbon steel measured in identical conditions. 26 The Pb4f spectra are composed of a main Pb(II) oxide component (the distinction between PbO and Pb(OH) 2 being rather difficult due to the very close binding energies) and a minor lower-energy component attributable to metallic Pb observed in alkaline crevice solutions alone. Thus the reaction of deposition of metallic Pb is most probably not very effective.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test environments were an alkaline and an acidic crevice solution. 26 The alkaline solution composition was 5.6 mmol kg −1 (330 wppm) NaCl + 5.2 mmol kg −1 (740 wppm) Na 2 SO 4 (pH 278 = 7.0 ± 0.2, calculated by MULTEQ software). For the acidic solution, 1 mmol kg −1 H 2 SO 4 was added resulting in a pH 278 = 5.2 ± 0.2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Recently, we studied of the corrosion of carbon steel (22K, SG body material), under acidic and alkaline crevice conditions with and without Pb. 26 In the present paper, that study is extended to Alloy 690 (SG tubing material). The work focuses on the effect of Pb addition on the general corrosion, conductivity mechanism and indepth composition of oxide films of Alloy 690 in mildly alkaline and acidic steam generator crevice solutions at 278 °C.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Alloy 690 in Simulated Steam Generator Crevices: Effect of Applied Potential, pH and Pb Addition

Betova

Bojinov

Ikäläinen

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The mechanism of general corrosion of Alloy 690 in simulated steam generator crevices is investigated by voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and slow strain rate tests, combined with ex-situ characterization of the oxides using X-ray photoelectron and Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopies. Quantitative interpretation of impedance spectra with the Mixed-Conduction Model furnishes estimates of kinetic and transport parameters of the corrosion and anodic oxidation processes. The results indicate a beneficial effect of Pb addition on general corrosion regardless of crevice solution composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Alloy 690 in Simulated Steam Generator Crevices: Effect of Applied Potential, pH and Pb Addition

Betova

Bojinov

Ikäläinen

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In analogy to the previous corrosion assessments of low-alloy and stainless steels in environments simulating steam generator conditions [22][23][24][25], the mixed-conduction model for oxide films (MCM) was applied for a quantitative interpretation of the experimental data. If the growth/dissolution of the protective oxide layer and dissolution of metal through the oxide (corrosion release) are considered for a magnetite oxide, the following reactions occur at alloy/film and film/coolant interfaces:…”

Section: Interpretation Of Impedance Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Colloidal Magnetite on Stainless Steel in Simulated Steam Generator Conditions—Experiments and Modeling

Betova

Bojinov

Karastoyanov

2022

Colloids and Interfaces

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Sludge formation via colloidal magnetite deposition in steam generators is an important phenomenon that significantly influences the thermohydraulic properties and corrosion of structural materials. This paper aims to verify a model of sludge deposition and consolidation with emphasis on its most significant parameters and their experimental estimation. In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements are employed for quantitative evaluation of magnetite deposition kinetics on stainless steel in ammonia-ethanolamine (AMETA) secondary coolant at different temperatures. Parameterization of the model by quantitative comparison of the mixed-conduction model (MCM) with experimental data is discussed. Model predictions are compared with literature data from laboratory experiments and plant operation. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the model for quantitative assessment of sludge deposition and consolidation rates.

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“…[ 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Accordingly, the following solutions have been widely used: solutions containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], sodium chloride (NaCl) [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], sulfate (SO 4 2− ), sulfite (SO 3 2− ), tetrathionate (S 4 O 6 2− ) and thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 2− ) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], lead oxide (PbO) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and silicone compounds (SiO 2 , Na 2 SiO 3 ) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Among them, NaOH solution has been frequently used to investigate the performance of SG tubing under impurity-concentrated crevice conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of NaOH Solution to Simulate the Crevice Conditions of a Nuclear Steam Generator

Hur

Song²,

Han

et al. 2022

Materials

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The corrosion behavior and integrity of steam generator (SG) tube materials have frequently been tested in solutions containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH), assuming that NaOH is a typical contaminant concentrated in the crevices of SGs in a pressurized water reactor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adequacy of using concentrated NaOH solutions to simulate the crevice environments of SGs. The dissolution behavior of magnetite deposit flakes formed in an operating SG was tested in a 0.4 wt.% NaOH solution at 300 °C, and the thermodynamic stability of magnetite was investigated using the potential-pH diagram for an iron–water system. The magnetite deposits were rapidly dissolved in the test solution, which was supported by the fact that magnetite is thermodynamically unstable under the test condition to dissolve to dihypoferrite ions (HFeO2−). These results indicate that research data obtained from concentrated NaOH solutions are not appropriate to apply to the crevice environments of SGs.

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Effect of lead and applied potential on corrosion of carbon steel in steam generator crevice solutions

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Corrosion of Alloy 690 in Simulated Steam Generator Crevices: Effect of Applied Potential, pH and Pb Addition

Corrosion of Alloy 690 in Simulated Steam Generator Crevices: Effect of Applied Potential, pH and Pb Addition

Deposition of Colloidal Magnetite on Stainless Steel in Simulated Steam Generator Conditions—Experiments and Modeling

On the Use of NaOH Solution to Simulate the Crevice Conditions of a Nuclear Steam Generator

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