Effect of Lead Ions on Rat Erythrocyte Purine Content

Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena; Hlynczak, A.J.

doi:10.1385/bter:100:3:259

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The concentrations of purine metabolites depend on the unique functions of each cell type (erythrocytes, lymphocytes, liver) and even on the developmental phase of the cells (Traut, 1994 ). In erythrocytes from humans and rats, purine nucleotides cannot be synthesized de novo , and can only be reconstructed from pre-existing free purine bases or nucleosides (Baranowska-Bosiacka and Hlynczak, 2004 ), which can contribute to explain the lower concentrations of HX and higher concentrations of purine nucleosides and nucleotides in erythrocytes of all three species analyzed in this study. The higher concentration of HX in heart and kidney of domestic pigs, as compared to ringed seals, after experimental ischemia, suggests an increase of ATP degradation in domestic pigs (Elsner et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activities in three mammalian species: aquatic (Mirounga angustirostris), semi-aquatic (Lontra longicaudis annectens) and terrestrial (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2015

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Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals have the capacity of breath hold (apnea) diving. Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) have the ability to perform deep and long duration dives; during a routine dive, adults can hold their breath for 25 min. Neotropical river otters (Lontra longicaudis annectens) can hold their breath for about 30 s. Such periods of apnea may result in reduced oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and reduced blood supply (ischemia) to tissues. Production of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) requires oxygen, and most mammalian species, like the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), are not adapted to tolerate hypoxia and ischemia, conditions that result in ATP degradation. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in purine synthesis and recycling in erythrocytes and plasma of three mammalian species adapted to different environments: aquatic (northern elephant seal) (n = 11), semiaquatic (neotropical river otter) (n = 4), and terrestrial (domestic pig) (n = 11). Enzymatic activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) was determined by spectrophotometry, and activity of inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and the concentration of hypoxanthine (HX), inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), ATP, guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP), guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP), and xanthosine 5′-monophosphate (XMP) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activities of HGPRT and IMPDH and the concentration of HX, IMP, AMP, ADP, ATP, GTP, and XMP in erythrocytes of domestic pigs were higher than in erythrocytes of northern elephant seals and river otters. These results suggest that under basal conditions (no diving, sleep apnea or exercise), aquatic, and semiaquatic mammals have less purine mobilization than their terrestrial counterparts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activities in three mammalian species: aquatic (Mirounga angustirostris), semi-aquatic (Lontra longicaudis annectens) and terrestrial (Sus scrofa)

et al. 2015

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“…Very interestingly, changes in these cellular levels are actually discussed to serve as sensitive biomarkers for environmental exposure towards toxic compounds. Thus, they might also be suitable biomarkers for acute or chronic metal(loid) exposure, which has been tested recently for lead, [19][20][21][22] zinc 23 and cadmium. 24 For other metal(loid) compounds, including manganese and arsenic species, some hints exist, indicating that these metal(loid) species affect the cellular level of single adenine and/or pyridine nucleotides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of manganese and arsenic species on the level of energy related nucleotides in human cells

et al. 2012

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Cellular adenine and pyridine nucleotides play important roles in the cellular energy and redox state. An imbalance in the cellular levels of these tightly regulated energy related nucleotides can lead to oxidative stress and thus is discussed to contribute to neurotoxic and carcinogenic processes. Here we established a reliable ion-pair reversed phase HPLC based method for the parallel quantification of six energy related nucleotides (ATP, ADP, ADP-ribose, AMP, NAD(+), NADH) in cells and subsequently applied it to determine effects of manganese and arsenic species in cultured human cells. In human lung cells, MnCl(2) (≥50 μM) decreased the levels of ATP, NAD(+) and NADH as well as the NAD(+)/NADH ratio. This reflects a decline in the cellular energy metabolism, most likely resulting from a disturbance of the mitochondrial function. In contrast, cultured astrocytes were more resistant towards manganese. Regarding the arsenicals, a disturbance of the cellular energy related nucleotides was detected in lung cells for arsenite (≥50 μM), monomethylarsonous (≥1 μM), dimethylarsinous (≥1 μM) and dimethylarsinic acid (≥100 μM). Thereby, the single arsenicals seem to disturb the cellular energy and redox state by different mechanisms. Taken together, this study provides further evidence that cellular energy related nucleotides serve as sensitive indicators for toxic species exposure. When searching for a molecular mechanism of toxic compounds, the data illustrate the necessity of quantifying several energy related nucleotides in parallel, especially since ATP depletion, redox state alterations and oxidative stress are known to potentiate each other.

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“…Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that a host of nucleotides and intermediates in purine metabolism were negatively correlated with the synthesis rate of γ-PGA, which was consistent with the results of Halmschlag et al 27 Bacillus subtilis can degrade nucleotides into corresponding bases and 1-phosphate ribose, and 1-phosphate ribose can be converted into ribose-5-P, which flows into the glycolytic pathway and promotes the production of γ-PGA. 40,41 A lot of complex metabolic pathways may compete for carbon sources and disperse carbon fluxes. 23 Therefore, it is speculated that the higher demand for carbon flux for the synthesis of glutamic acid by glycolysis to the TCA cycle leads to a decrease in the concentration of intermediate products of anthocyanin biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted metabolomics revealed the effect of soybean metabolites on poly(γ‐glutamic acid) production in fermented natto and its metabolic pathway

Yan,

Huang,

Mei

et al. 2023

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDNatto mucus is mainly composed of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA), which affects the sensory quality of natto and has some effective functional activities. The soybean metabolites that cause different γ‐PGA contents in different fermented natto are unclear.RESULTSIn this study, we use untargeted metabolomics to analyse the metabolites of high‐production γ‐PGA natto and low‐production γ‐PGA natto and their fermented substrate soybean. A total of 257 main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups were screened, of which 114 were downregulated and 143 were upregulated. Through the enrichment of metabolic pathways, the metabolic pathways with significant differences were purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.CONCLUSIONFor 114 downregulated main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups, Bacillus subtilis (natto) may directly decompose them to synthesize γ‐PGA. Adding downregulated substances before fermentation or cultivating soybean varieties with the goal of high production of such substances has a great effect on the production of γ‐PGA by natto fermentation. The enrichment analysis results showed the main pathways affecting the production of γ‐PGA by Bacillus subtilis (natto) using soybean metabolites, which provides a theoretical basis for the production of γ‐PGA by soybean and promotes the diversification of natto products.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Effect of Lead Ions on Rat Erythrocyte Purine Content

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activities in three mammalian species: aquatic (Mirounga angustirostris), semi-aquatic (Lontra longicaudis annectens) and terrestrial (Sus scrofa)

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activities in three mammalian species: aquatic (Mirounga angustirostris), semi-aquatic (Lontra longicaudis annectens) and terrestrial (Sus scrofa)

Effects of manganese and arsenic species on the level of energy related nucleotides in human cells

Untargeted metabolomics revealed the effect of soybean metabolites on poly(γ‐glutamic acid) production in fermented natto and its metabolic pathway

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