“…Birth defects like cardiovascular defects, oral clefts and musculoskeletal anomalies diagnosed in newborns are also associated with lead exposure (Vincetia et al , 2001). Furthermore, lead can also be toxic to plants, diminishing their productivity or biomass, and eliminating some species (Singh et al , 1997; Xiong, 1997; Patra et al , 2004).…”