Effect of leaf feeding by <i>Melanaphis sacchari</i> (Zehntner) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on sorghum grain quality

Berg, J. van den; Pretorius, A. J.; Loggerenberg, M. van

doi:10.1080/02571862.2003.10634903

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Whereas S. graminum can feed within the panicle up until flowering and cause some flower sterility, seed weight and quality is usually unaffected, even though yields may be reduced (Harvey and Hackerott, 1974). In contrast, M. sacchari can continue feeding through the soft stages of grain fill, impacting both seed weight and quality (Chang and Fang, 1984;Berg et al, 2003). In addition, the thermal tolerance of this particular M. sacchari population has not yet been tested, but if it is capable of development and reproduction at temperatures exceeding 25°C, this could contribute significantly to its pest status during hot summer conditions when high temperatures typically limit greenbug survival and reproduction (Pendleton et al, 2009;Michaud, in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants infested with Melanaphis sacchari and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants infested with Melanaphis sacchari and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

et al. 2015

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“…In sorghum, extreme aphid infestations at the pre-flowering stage and infestations during grain development can decrease the yield through reduction in the number of heads, reduced seed weight, delayed development and maturity, and, ultimately, plant death (Bowling et al 2016). These adverse effects of M. sacchari on agronomic attributes extend further to effects on quality traits, such as diastatic power, malt quality, and harvest index in sorghum (Van den Berg et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular and morphological evidence for resistance to sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

et al. 2019

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Aphids are one of the devastating pests affecting the productivity of sorghum in many countries. The aim of the present investigation was to identify sweet sorghum genotypes resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). A Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker linked to an aphid-resistance gene (RMES1) was first used to prescreen for resistant genotypes in 561 sorghum accessions. Molecular assays indicated that 91 sorghum accessions in the collection had the RMES1 resistance marker allele. Of those, 26 agronomically superior sweet sorghum accessions, along with three commercial cultivars and one susceptible check, were further evaluated in two locations (Antalya, a lowland province, and Konya, a highland province) under field conditions. These accessions were scored for resistance to aphid damage under natural aphid infestations. The number of aphids counted on the plant leaves and stalks in the accessions during the growing seasons was used to score resistant genotypes on a scale of 1-5, where 1 was highly resistant (plants having 0-50 aphids/ plant) and 5 was highly sensitive (plants having 1000 + aphids/plant). Fumagine intensity on the leaves was also taken into consideration. Ten accessions from the lowland and one accession from the highland scored "1," indicating a high resistance to aphid infestation. A further 13 accessions scored "1" or "2" in both environments. Only two accessions scored "4," and no accession scored "5," indicating the utility of the RMES1 marker for prescreening purposes. One accession, BSS507, showed outstanding resistance to M. sacchari, with a score of "1" in both environments.

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“…The black sooty mold coats the leaf surface, due to which the leaves cannot receive adequate sunlight, and this impairs photosynthesis. The reduced photosynthetic capacity can lead to stunting in plants and can ultimately cause significant yield losses [180,181]. In addition, it also vectors diseases including sugarcane yellow leaf virus [182].…”

Section: Ecotypes and Their Differences From Biotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Known and Unknowns of Aphid Biotypes, and Their Role in Mediating Host Plant Defenses

2023

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Insect species are subjected to disparate selection pressure due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Management practices including the heavy use of chemical insecticides and introduction of insect-resistant plant cultivars have been found to accelerate these processes. Clearly, natural selection coupled with human intervention have led to insect adaptations that alter phenotypes and genetic structure over time, producing distinct individuals with specialized traits, within the populations, commonly defined as biotypes. Biotypes are commonly found to have better fitness in the new environment and, in the case of aphids, the most commonly studied system for biotypes, have the ability to successfully infest previously resistant host plants and new species of host plants. Although a large number of studies have explored biotypes, the concept for defining biotypes varies among scientists, as we lack a consistency in estimating biotype behavior and their variation within and between biotypes. The concept of biotypes is even more complicated in aphid species (Aphidoidea), as they undergo parthenogenetic reproduction, making it difficult to understand the source of variation or quantify gene flow. In this review, we aim to illuminate the concept of biotype and how it has been used in the study of aphids. We intend to further elaborate and document the existence of aphid biotypes using sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) as a model to understand their differences, level of variation, evolution, and significance in pest management.

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Effect of leaf feeding by Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on sorghum grain quality

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants infested with Melanaphis sacchari and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants infested with Melanaphis sacchari and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Molecular and morphological evidence for resistance to sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The Known and Unknowns of Aphid Biotypes, and Their Role in Mediating Host Plant Defenses

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