Effect of Leishmania RNA virus 2 on virulence factors and cytokines gene expression in a human macrophage infected with Leishmania major: A preliminary study

Rahmanipour, Milad; Mohebali, Mehdi; Koosha, Mona; Kazemirad, Elham; Yasami-Khiabani, Setayesh; Mirjalali, Hamed; Hajjaran, Homa

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108459

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…The disease’s clinical manifestations take various forms, primarily visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, with less common variations influenced by genetic, geographical, environmental, and climatic factors [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The intricate process of host infection is influenced by a subtle interaction among the parasite species, its virulence factors, and the host’s immune response [ 11 ]. Consequently, the prevention of leishmaniasis predominantly centers on the control of vectors and their reservoirs, primarily sandflies, as well as the implementation of appropriate hygiene measures [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Abdoul-Latif,

Oumaskour,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Leishmaniasis in Africa, which has been designated as a priority neglected tropical disease by various global organizations, exerts its impact on millions of individuals, primarily concentrated within this particular region of the world. As a result of the progressively grave epidemiological data, numerous governmental sectors and civil organizations have concentrated their endeavors on this widespread outbreak with the objective of devising appropriate remedies. This comprehensive examination delves into multiple facets of this parasitic ailment, scrutinizing the associated perils, diagnostic intricacies, and deficiencies within the existing therapeutic protocols. Despite the established efficacy of current treatments, they are not immune to deleterious incidents, particularly concerning toxicity and the emergence of parasitic resistance, thus accentuating the necessity of exploring alternative avenues. Consequently, this research not only encompasses conventional therapeutic approaches, but also extends its scope to encompass complementary and alternative medicinal techniques, thereby striving to identify innovative solutions. A particularly auspicious dimension of this study lies in the exploration of natural substances and by-products derived from some brown algae of the Sargassaceae family. These resources possess the potential to assume a pivotal role in the management of leishmaniasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Abdoul-Latif,

Oumaskour,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Detection of Leishmania RNA Virus 2 (LRV2) among Clinical Isolates of Leishmania Major in Four Endemic Regions of Iran

Mazaherifar,

Erfanian,

Solhjoo

et al. 2024

Acta Parasit.

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The effects of Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) on the virulence factors of L. major and pro-inflammatory biomarkers: an in vitro study on human monocyte cell line (THP-1)

Mirabedini,

Mirjalali,

Kazemirad

et al. 2023

BMC Microbiol

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Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease with diverse outcomes. Clinical diversity is influenced by various factors such as Leishmania species and host genetic background. The role of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV), as an endosymbiont, is suggested to not only affect the pathogenesis of Leishmania, but also impact host immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the influence of LRV2 on the expression of a number of virulence factors (VFs) of Leishmania and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Materials and methods Sample were obtained from CL patients from Golestan province. Leishmania species were identified by PCR (LIN 4, 17), and the presence of LRV2 was checked using the semi-nested PCR (RdRp gene). Human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was treated with three isolates of L. major with LRV2 and one isolate of L. major without LRV2. The treatments with four isolates were administered for the time points: zero, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after co-infection. The expression levels of Leishmania VFs genes including GP63, HSP83, and MPI, as well as pro-inflammatory biomarkers genes including NLRP3, IL18, and IL1β, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results The expression of GP63, HSP83, and MPI revealed up-regulation in LRV2 + isolates compared to LRV2- isolates. The expression of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers including NLRP3, IL1β, and IL18 genes in LRV2- were higher than LRV2 + isolates. Conclusion This finding suggests that LRV2 + may have a probable effect on the Leishmania VFs and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in the human macrophage model.

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Effect of Leishmania RNA virus 2 on virulence factors and cytokines gene expression in a human macrophage infected with Leishmania major: A preliminary study

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Overview of Research on Leishmaniasis in Africa: Current Status, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Recent Advances Using By-Products of the Sargassaceae Family

Detection of Leishmania RNA Virus 2 (LRV2) among Clinical Isolates of Leishmania Major in Four Endemic Regions of Iran

The effects of Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) on the virulence factors of L. major and pro-inflammatory biomarkers: an in vitro study on human monocyte cell line (THP-1)

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