Effect of level of dietary potassium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and magnesium by lactating cows

Fisher, L. J.; Dinn, N.; Tait, R. M.; Shelford, J. A.

doi:10.4141/cjas94-071

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Serum K concentrations in heifers and cows were similar to dairy cattle given high K diets containing from 1.6 to 4.1% K kg -1 DM (Fisher et al 1994). Since blood K has been shown to be related to dietary K, it would seem that all groups consumed excess K. However, a relationship with FSC was only found in nulliparous heifers such that those that conceived had the lowest concentrations of serum K at estrus, but there was no difference on day 21.…”

Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Since blood K has been shown to be related to dietary K, it would seem that all groups consumed excess K. However, a relationship with FSC was only found in nulliparous heifers such that those that conceived had the lowest concentrations of serum K at estrus, but there was no difference on day 21. Nulliparous heifers were likely more sensitive to excess K because suckled heifers and cows would have secreted K in milk (Fisher et al 1994). High dietary K may have caused a high positive CAD [CAD = (Na + + K + ) -(Cl -+ S -); Block 1984].…”

Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with dairy cattle have shown that CAD, rather than the individual amounts of Na, K, Cl and S is more important because of the net effect on the acid-base status of the animal. Varying levels of CAD affect blood pH, dry matter intake, milk yield, and Mg and K concentrations in blood and milk (Coppock 1986;Tucker and Hogue 1990;Fisher et al 1994;Sanchez et al 1994;Fredeen et al 1995). If the Cl content of silage and hay were similar to NRC (1984), the forage CAD would have been ~300 and ~550 meq kg -1 DM for heifers and cows, respectively.…”

Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

Small¹,

Charmley²,

Rodd³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Small, J. A., Charmley, E., Rodd, A. V. and Fredeen, A. H. 1997. Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 55-62. A study was undertaken to examine serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and first service conception (FSC) in beef cattle fed conserved forage. Blood samples were taken from yearling nulliparous heifers, and suckled 2-yr-old primiparous heifers and multiparous cows at first service which occurred within 12 h of observed standing heat and 21 d after. Serum was analyzed for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) concentrations by ICAP. Heifers were fed in four groups based on parity and given 3.0 and 2.5 kg hd d -1 of a grain supplement, respectively, plus free-choice grass hay (1.71% K; 0.20% P; 8% protein; 41% ADF). Cows were individually fed ad libitum (21 g kg -1 body weight) grass-legume silage (2.82% K; 0.35% P; 14% protein, 34% ADF). Heifers and cows gained body weight over the breeding season and at turnout had body condition scores of 5 to 6 for heifers and 6 to 7 for cows. Rates of FSC were 53% (10/19), 48% (10/21) and 64% (18/28) for nulli-, primi-and multiparous groups, respectively. Serum Ca, Na, S, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn did not differ (P > 0.05) between FSC groups, but Na and Cu were higher (P < 0.05) at estrus than at day 21, especially in nulliparous heifers. Concentrations of serum Mg were low (< 0.74 mmol L -1 ) and K high (> 4.5 mmol L -1 ) in heifers and cows but in nulliparous heifers only, serum Mg and K were lowest (P < 0.05) at estrus for those that conceived. Serum B concentrations were generally higher (P < 0.05) in animals that conceived especially on day 21 when B concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) than at estrus. Serum P concentrations were high (> 3.5 mmol L -1 ), but highest in animals that conceived especially on day 21. It is concluded that P and B may be dietary factors limiting first service conception in beef cows fed conserved forage. Nous avons entrepris une étude pour examiner les concentrations de minéraux dans le sérum à l'oestrus et à la conception en première insémination (CPI) chez des bovins à viande nourris de fourrages conservés. L'étude portait sur des génisses nullipares d'un an ainsi que sur des génisses primipares de deux ans et sur des vaches multipares, les deux dernières catégories étant encore allaitantes. Des prélèvements sanguins étaient effectués à la première insémination, soit dans les 12 heures d'état d'acceptation du chevauchement et 21 heures après. Le sérum était analysé par spectrophotométrie ICAP sur ses teneurs en Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn et B. Les génisses réparties en 4 groupes recevaient en plus de foin à volonté (1,71 % K, 0,20 %, P; 8 % PB et 41 % ADF) un complément de grain à raison de 3,0 ou 2,5 kg par jour chacune selon qu'elles étaient nullipares ou primipares. Les vaches adultes nourries individuellemen...

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Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potassium Calcium and Magnesium (Table 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

Small¹,

Charmley²,

Rodd³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The levels of K across harvests and salinity (2.6%-4.6%) were well above the required levels (1.04%) for average lactating cows [29]. However, diets supplemented with potassium carbonate increased K from 1.6% to 4.6% (w/w) and decreased milk yield and feed intake [49]. Thus, K levels in alfalfa shoots irrigated with saline water containing 6 to 6.5 mmolc·L…”

Section: Mineral Nutrient Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Composition, Forage Parameters, and Antioxidant Capacity of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) in Response to Saline Irrigation Water

et al. 2015

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Although alfalfa is moderately tolerant of salinity, the effects of salinity on nutrient composition and forage parameters are poorly understood. In addition, there are no data on the effect of salinity on the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa. We evaluated four non-dormant, salinity-tolerant commercial cultivars, irrigated with saline water with electrical conductivities of 3.1, 7.2, 12.7, 18.4, 24.0, and 30.0 dS·m −1 , designed to simulate drainage waters from the California Central Valley. Alfalfa shoots were evaluated for nutrient composition, forage parameters, and antioxidant capacity. Salinity significantly increased shoot N, P, Mg, and S, but decreased Ca and K. Alfalfa micronutrients were also affected by salinity, but to a lesser extent. Na and Cl increased significantly with increasing salinity. Salinity slightly improved forage parameters by significantly increasing crude protein, the net energy of lactation, and the relative feed value. All cultivars maintained their antioxidant capacity regardless of salinity level. The results indicate that alfalfa can tolerate moderate to high salinity while maintaining nutrient composition, antioxidant capacity, and slightly improved forage parameters, thus meeting the standards required for dairy cattle feed. OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 578

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“…Quality forages usually contain high K concentrations which increase the dietary CAD resulting in an excess of base ions (Fisher et al 1994). Excess dietary cations have been shown to impair the metabolism and/or utilization of other nutrients, particularly that of Ca, mainly during stressful periods such as calving (Block 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to parturition in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

Small¹

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Small, J. A. 1997. Serum mineral concentrations in relation to parturition in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 63-68. A study was undertaken to examine the relationship between serum mineral concentrations and calving ease in beef cattle fed conserved forage. Jugular blood samples were taken from multiparous cows (n = 6) and 2-yr-old primparous heifers (n = 9) that calved without assistance and 2-yr-old primparous heifers that required assistance with calving (n = 6) on days -7, 0 and +7 after parturition. Sera were analyzed for Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Na, Cu, Zn and B by ICAP and for progesterone by RIA. From 2 mo before and throughout the calving season cattle were given ad libitum round bale grass-legume silage (2.89% K; 3.4% P; 13% CP, 40% ADF; 38% DM). Heifers were also given 0.5 kg hd -1 d -1 of a grain supplement beginning 3 wk before calving. At calving, cows and heifers were in moderate body condition (5.26 ± 0.14 BCS) and heifers had reached 85% of mature body weight (475 ± 26 kg). Serum progesterone concentrations were highest (P < 0.05) at -7 d and dropped below 1 ng mL -1 at parturition and +7 d. Concentrations of serum Mg, S and K were highest (P < 0.05) whilst concentrations of P, B and Cu were lowest (P < 0.05) at parturition. However, serum Mg and S also differed (P < 0.05) among calving groups because concentrations were lowest for heifers with assisted calvings and, serum K concentrations were influenced (P < 0.05) by interaction between calving group and time because K concentrations increased at parturition only in cows and heifers with unassisted calvings. Serum Zn, Ca, and Na were not (P < 0.05) influenced by calving group or time. It is concluded that Mg, S, K, P, B and Cu metabolism are involved in the physiology of parturition and Mg, S and K metabolism may be particularly important for calving ease in primparous beef heifers fed conserved forage.Key words: Parturition, minerals, beef cattle, potassium, boron, magnesium Small, J. A. 1997. Concentrations sériques de minéraux à la parturition chez des génisses et chez des vaches adultes alimentées aux fourrages conservés. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 63-68. Nous avons examiné les rapports entre les concentrations minérales du sérum et la facilité de vêlage chez des bovins à viande nourris de fourrages conservés. Des prélèvements de sang jugulaire étaient effectués au vêlage, 7 jours avant et 7 jours après sur des vaches multipares (n = 6) et sur des génisses primipares de 2 ans qui avaient soit vêlé sans assistance (n = 9) ou avec assistance (n = 6). L'analyse du sérum était faite par ICAP pour Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Na, Cu, Zn et B et par dosage radioimmunologique (DRI) pour la progestérone. A partir de 2 mois avant et durant toute la période de vêlage, les bêtes recevaient à volonté de l'ensilage graminée-légumineuse en balles rondes (2,89 % K, 3,4 % P, 13 % PB, 40 % ADF, 38 % Ms). En plus, à partir de 3 semaines avant le vêlage, les génisses recevaient chacune 1/2 kg par jour de complément de grain. Au vêlage, la note d...

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Effect of level of dietary potassium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and magnesium by lactating cows

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

Nutrient Composition, Forage Parameters, and Antioxidant Capacity of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) in Response to Saline Irrigation Water

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to parturition in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

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