Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratios on segregation coefficient and dopant occupancy of In:Yb:Nd:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystals

Dai, Li; Shao, Youlin; Han, Xianbo; Liu, Chunrui; Wang, Luping

doi:10.1142/s0217984919501604

“…Cu + /Fe 2+ acts as an electron donor, while Cu 2+ /Fe 3+ acts as an electron acceptor. According to previous ICP test results [22], as the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases, the concentrations of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ in the crystal gradually increase, leading to an increase in the concentration of photo-induced refractive index change sensitive centers. Consequently, the saturation diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, and dynamic range increase, but the defect center concentration also increases, resulting in an increase in the erasure time constant e  .…”

Section: B Two-wavelength Nonvolatile Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

Dai,

Wang

2024

Preprint

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Four groups of Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were prepared using the Czochralski method. The crystals were tested using infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) to analyze ion occupation, and their optical birefringence performance was tested through two-wave coupling experiments. The crystals' resistance to optical damage was tested using the exposure energy flux threshold method. The results showed that when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio exceeded 1.20, the doped ions began to enter the Nb site. As the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increased, the optical birefringence performance and resistance to optical damage of the crystals gradually improved. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio was 1.38, aside from an increase in grating erasure time, the writing speed, diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, dynamic range, and photoconductivity were all optimal. At this ratio, the Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystal exhibited the best holographic storage performance.

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“…Cu + /Fe 2+ acts as an electron donor, while Cu 2+ /Fe 3+ acts as an electron acceptor. According to previous ICP test results [22], as the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases, the concentrations of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ in the crystal gradually increase, leading to an increase in the concentration of photo-induced refractive index change sensitive centers. Consequently, the saturation diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, and dynamic range increase, but the defect center concentration also increases, resulting in an increase in the erasure time constant e  .…”

Section: B Two-wavelength Nonvolatile Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

Dai,

Wang

2024

Preprint

0

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Four groups of Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were prepared using the Czochralski method. The crystals were tested using infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) to analyze ion occupation, and their optical birefringence performance was tested through two-wave coupling experiments. The crystals' resistance to optical damage was tested using the exposure energy flux threshold method. The results showed that when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio exceeded 1.20, the doped ions began to enter the Nb site. As the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increased, the optical birefringence performance and resistance to optical damage of the crystals gradually improved. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio was 1.38, aside from an increase in grating erasure time, the writing speed, diffraction efficiency, sensitivity, dynamic range, and photoconductivity were all optimal. At this ratio, the Mg:Fe:Cu:LiNbO₃ crystal exhibited the best holographic storage performance.

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“…At 633 nm, Fe is the shallow trap center, and Ru is the deep trap center. Because the red light of 633 nm can only excite electrons from the shallow trap but not from the deep trap centers, they become the dominant charge carrier [19].…”

Section: Type Of Dominant Charge Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Blue Photorefractive Properties and Exponential Gain of Photorefraction in Sc-Doped Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 Crystals

Xu¹,

Chen²

2022

Crystals

2

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Sc:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown from congruent melt by using the Czochralski method. A series of LiNbO3 crystals (Li/Nb = 48.6/51.4) with 0.1 wt% RuO2, 0.06 wt% Fe2O3 and various concentrations of Sc203 were prepared. RF1 and RF4 refers to the samples containing 0 mol% Sc203 and 3 mol% Sc203, respectively. The photorefractive properties of RF4 were measured by Kr+ laser (λ = 476 nm blue light): ηs = 75.7%, τw = 11 s, M/# = 19.52, S = 2.85 cmJ−1, Γ = 31.8 cm−1 and ∆nmax = 6.66 × 10−5. The photorefractive properties of five systems (ηs, M/#, S, Γ and ∆nmax) under 476 nm wavelength from RF1 to RF4 continually increased the response time, while τw was continually shortened. Comparing the photorefractive properties of Sc (1 mol%):Ru (0.1 wt%):Fe (0.06 wt%): LiNbO3 measured by Kr+ laser (λ = 476 nm blue light) with Sc (1 mol%):Fe (0.06 wt%):LiNbO3 measured by He-Ne laser (633 nm red light), ηs increased by a factor of 1.9, Vw (response rate) increased by a factor of 13.9, M/# increased by a factor of 1.8 and S increased by a factor of 32. The ∆nmax improved by a factor of 1.4. A strong blue photorefraction was created by the two-center effect and the remarkable characteristic of being in phase between the two gratings recorded in shallow and deep trap centers. The photorefractive properties (ηS, τw, M/#, S, ∆nmax) were increased with an increase in Sc3+ ion concentration. Damage-resistant dopants such as Sc3+ ions were no longer resistant to damage, but they enhanced the photorefractive properties at the 476 nm wavelength. The experimental results clearly show that Sc-doped two-center Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal is a promising candidate blue photorefraction material for volume holographic storage. Sc-doped LiNbO3 crystal can significantly enhance the blue photorefractive properties according to the experimental parameters. Therefore, the Sc:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal has better photorefractive properties than the Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal.

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Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratios on segregation coefficient and dopant occupancy of In:Yb:Nd:LiNbO₃ crystals

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

Optimization of Blue Photorefractive Properties and Exponential Gain of Photorefraction in Sc-Doped Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 Crystals

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Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratios on segregation coefficient and dopant occupancy of In:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

The Influence of the [Li]/[Nb] Ratio on the Holographic Storage Performance of Mgfeculinbo3 Crystals

Optimization of Blue Photorefractive Properties and Exponential Gain of Photorefraction in Sc-Doped Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 Crystals

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Product

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Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratios on segregation coefficient and dopant occupancy of In:Yb:Nd:LiNbO₃ crystals