Effect of Li plating during formation of lithium ion batteries on their cycling performance and thermal safety

Münster, Patrick; Diehl, Marcel; Frerichs, Joop Enno; Börner, Markus; Winter, Martin; Niehoff, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229306

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Alternatively, deposited lithium could react with the electrolyte, resulting in loss of electrochemically active lithium and leading to a rapid fading of cell capacity. 27 Only a few studies have explored different avenues to improve the formation step in lithium metal batteries by means of electrochemistry. Wang et al, used a cyclic voltammetry premodulation technique to improve lithium electrodeposition kinetics on Li metal in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells using a diluted solvate ionic liquid electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Cycle Life through Fast Formation Using a Superconcentrated Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries

Pathirana

Rakov

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Cell formation of lithium-ion cells impacts the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the cell cycle stability. Lithium metal anodes are an important step in the development of high energy density batteries owing to the high theoretical specific capacity of lithium metal. However, most lithium metal battery research has used a conventional lithium-ion formation protocol; this is time-consuming and costly and does not account for the different properties of the lithium metal electrode. Here, we have used a recently reported promising phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid electrolyte coupled with an NMC622 high areal capacity cathode (>3.5 mAh/cm2) to investigate the effect of cell formation rates. A faster formation protocol comprised of a pulsed 1.25C current decreased the formation time by 56% and gave a 38% greater capacity retention after 50 cycles when compared to formation at C/20. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the fast formation gave rise to a lower resistance SEI. Column-like lithium deposits with reduced porous lithium domains between the particles were observed using scanning electron microscope imaging. To underline the excellent performance of these high energy density cells, a 56% greater stack specific energy was achieved compared to the analogous graphite-based lithium-ion cell chemistries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Cycle Life through Fast Formation Using a Superconcentrated Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries

Pathirana

Rakov

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Following the formation of SEI and consumption of Li is probably not depending on the C‐rate. For a more intensive study of the formation process with different C‐rates regarding the electrochemical performance, the reader is kindly referred to Münster et al [29] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this has to be balanced with quality, safety and performance of the cell. Hence, deeper understanding of the chemical and electrochemical reactions at the electrode‐electrolyte interface is a key to improve the overall battery performance [10,12,26–32] . Due to the decomposition of the electrolyte during formation, the interphase formation is accompanied by the evolution of gaseous components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the C‐Rate on Gassing During Formation of NMC622 II Graphite Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells

Leißing

Horsthemke

Wiemers‐Meyer

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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Formation is considered a cost and time intensive production step in industrial production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). One solution for improvement is an acceleration of the formation step by applying higher C‐rates. In this study, formation protocols with up to 2 C were applied to LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) II graphite pouch cells with a nominal capacity of 5 Ah. The formation protocols utilizing higher C‐rates result in a decrease in overall formation time, but also in increased gassing due to additional electrolyte decomposition. The resulting gas phase was quantitatively determined using gas chromatography‐barrier discharge ionization detection (GC‐BID) and with regard to gas volume by making use of the Archimedes principle. Main formation gases in these cells were identified as CO and C2H4. Increased C‐rates altered certain decomposition reactions. Especially the CO evolution was increased. Nevertheless, gassing was smallest for 0.1 C and increased with lower and higher C‐rate. In case of too low C‐rates hydrogen was identified as the main formation gas. However, higher gassing was not correlated with higher capacity loss during formation. Furthermore, the dependence of the C‐rate on gassing was found to be dependent on the graphite material.

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“…At present, they are closely considered for usage in hybrid and electric vehicles, renewable energy, robotics, and standby backup power applications. However, due to the fundamental physicochemical properties of carbonaceous anode-active material (the voltage of Li + insertion is close to that of Li metal formation, thereby causing its dendritic deposition; this is critical for charge in high-rate or low-temperature conditions), LIBs suffers restricted performance for such aims, especially in terms of charging rate, operating temperature range, and safety [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. To avoid these problems, a negative electrode based on lithium pentatitanate with an operating potential of 1.55 V vs. Li/Li + [ 4 ] was recently proposed and successfully commercialized (for example, in Mitsubishi i-MiEV and Honda Fit EV electric cars).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Lithium and Sodium Storage Properties of TiO2(B) Nanobelts by Doping with Nickel and Zinc

et al. 2021

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Nickel- and zinc-doped TiO2(B) nanobelts were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. It was found that the incorporation of 5 at.% Ni into bronze TiO2 expanded the unit cell by 4%. Furthermore, Ni dopant induced the 3d energy levels within TiO2(B) band structure and oxygen defects, narrowing the band gap from 3.28 eV (undoped) to 2.70 eV. Oppositely, Zn entered restrictedly into TiO2(B), but nonetheless, improves its electronic properties (Eg is narrowed to 3.21 eV). The conductivity of nickel- (2.24 × 10−8 S·cm−1) and zinc-containing (3.29 × 10−9 S·cm−1) TiO2(B) exceeds that of unmodified TiO2(B) (1.05 × 10−10 S·cm−1). When tested for electrochemical storage, nickel-doped mesoporous TiO2(B) nanobelts exhibited improved electrochemical performance. For lithium batteries, a reversible capacity of 173 mAh·g−1 was reached after 100 cycles at the current load of 50 mA·g−1, whereas, for unmodified and Zn-doped samples, around 140 and 151 mAh·g−1 was obtained. Moreover, Ni doping enhanced the rate capability of TiO2(B) nanobelts (104 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 1.8 A·g−1). In terms of sodium storage, nickel-doped TiO2(B) nanobelts exhibited improved cycling with a stabilized reversible capacity of 97 mAh·g−1 over 50 cycles at the current load of 35 mA·g−1.

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Effect of Li plating during formation of lithium ion batteries on their cycling performance and thermal safety

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Improving Cycle Life through Fast Formation Using a Superconcentrated Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries

Improving Cycle Life through Fast Formation Using a Superconcentrated Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries

The Impact of the C‐Rate on Gassing During Formation of NMC622 II Graphite Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells

Enhancing Lithium and Sodium Storage Properties of TiO2(B) Nanobelts by Doping with Nickel and Zinc

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