Effect of Li2CO3 additive on gas generation in lithium-ion batteries

Shin, Jee Sun; Han, Chi Hwan; Jung, Un Ho; Lee, Shung Ik; Kim, Hyeong-Jin; Kim, Keon

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00039-3

Cited by 182 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…13 Actually, significant evolution of gaseous products such as CO 2 , CO, O 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 and C 3 H 8 from the decomposition of carbonate solvents and lithium during battery operation has been detected by various characterization techniques. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In addition, utilizing isotope analysis, Onuk et al have unambiguously identified the origin of gases evolving in LIBs. 22 Furthermore, by adopting in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 23 and neutron radiography (NR), 9,11 the generation of gaseous bubbles channels formed by the gas have recently been visualized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Sun

Markötter

Manke

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Gas generation within lithium ion batteries (LIBs) gives rise to safety concerns that question their applicability. By employing synchrotron X-ray imaging, the gas and channel evolution occurring in an operating LIB have been directly visualized in their inherent 3D state as a function of discharge and charge. Using the spatial 3D distribution of gas bubbles and channels, the active particles that dictate the performance of a functional LIB were identified and visualized in 3D. Delithiation and lithiation are interpreted as the process of activating particles continuously in a step-bystep way. The present work not only demonstrates the generation and evolution of gas within LIB in 3D, but also reveals the distribution of active particles for the first time. These fundamentally findings presented here shed light on a range of processes that could not previously be characterized in 3D and can provide practical guidance for the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Sun

Markötter

Manke

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In literature, the hydrocarbons have been said to originate from reductive mechanisms or oxidative degradation mechanisms [20,34,35]; in our experiments, the latter ought to apply.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Electrolyte-cathode interactions in 5-V lithium-ion cells

Kohs

Kahr

Ahniyaz³

et al. 2017

J Solid State Electrochem

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The electrolyte/electrode interactions on the anode side of a lithium-ion cell and the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) have been investigated intensively in the past and are fairly well understood. Present knowledge about the reactions on the cathode side and the resulting cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is less detailed. In this study, the electrolyte/electrode interactions on the surface of the high-voltage cathode material LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO), both bare and FePO 4 -coated, were investigated. The gases evolving upon first time charging of the system were investigated using a GC/MS combination. The degradation products included THF, dimethyl peroxide, phosphor trifluoride, 1,3-dioxolane and dimethyl difluor silane, formed in the GC's column as its coating reacts with HF from the experiments. Although these substances and their formation are in themselves interesting, the absence of many degradation products which have been mentioned in the existing literature is of equal interest. Our results clearly indicate that coating a cathode material can have a major influence on the amount and composition of the gaseous decomposition products in the formation phase.

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“…The reduction of DEC and radical reactions on the surface of the graphite anode, as discussed by Shin et al, 7 result in the production of CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 . An examination of these processes and results demonstrate that the gas products are not related to the type of cathode material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 As a natural function of delithiation of the cathode, the material goes through a series of phase transitions. 7 These phase changes can become irreversible as active material is lost to side reaction in the cell. Therefore, there is a phase separation in the cathode between areas that are abundant in lithium and areas that contain the bare CoO 2 Gas generated from the side reactions may be able to indicate the possible degree of phase separation in certain cells which can then be related to impedance evolution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of High-Rate Cycling on the Bulk Internal Pressure Rise and Capacity Degradation of Commercial LiCoO₂Cells

Matasso

Wong

Wetz

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Commercial lithium-ion cells with the same LiCoO 2 /graphite electrodes were cycled at high-rate discharge, high-rate charge, and both high-rate charge and discharge until the capacity reached 60%. Periodic baseline characterization tests were performed including internal pressure, discharge capacity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A paralinear behavior with an early parabolic dependence on the square root of the cycle number, followed by a transition into a linear dependence on cycle number was seen in both the pressure rise and capacity fade in all three conditions. A direct correlation indicating a very strong, statistically significant relationship between the two variables was identified in all the cells tested. CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 were identified with post cycling gas-chromatography analysis indicating reactions with trace impurities and a reduction of the electrolyte. SEM analysis identified an excessive passivation layer on the surface of the anode presumably due to the reduction of electrolyte at the anode surface, while the cathode demonstrated no significant change with cycling. EIS analysis indicated an minimal change in R CT in the early stages, however the low frequency semicircle underwent considerable change due to a stronger contribution of the charge-transfer kinetics and Li + transport through the passivation layer in later stages. The need for better performing energy storage units increases as the development of new portable electronic and power generation technologies continues. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming a dominant player in the market for long and short term energy storage. However, new applications such as renewable energy systems and hybrid electric vehicles require more in depth knowledge of the degradation and safety features of LIBs. This lack of knowledge hinders the performance and development of these technologies which are increasingly playing a larger role in today's energy generation and usage market. Thus, a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms as well as a more sophisticated approach for battery life prediction is required. While research into these mechanisms has been ongoing for years, most of them have trouble relating the results back to full scale systems and battery modules used in these applications. Safety is usually the chief concern when utilizing LIBs in high power systems. Therefore it would be more prevalent to conduct a study that focuses on the hazardous reactions that can cause battery failure and also contribute to long term capacity fade. The cause of power and capacity fade of LIBs can generally be grouped into three categories: structural degradation (e.g., volume change, phase transition, and binder decomposition), chemical changes to the electrodes (e.g., chemical decomposition, dissolution reaction), and surface layer formation at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Current collector corrosion and metallic lithium plating also may contribute to power and capacity fade. The dominant deg...

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Effect of Li2CO3 additive on gas generation in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 182 publications

References 28 publications

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Electrolyte-cathode interactions in 5-V lithium-ion cells

Effects of High-Rate Cycling on the Bulk Internal Pressure Rise and Capacity Degradation of Commercial LiCoO₂Cells

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Effect of Li2CO3 additive on gas generation in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 182 publications

References 28 publications

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gas Evolution and Channel Formation inside a Lithium-Ion Battery

Electrolyte-cathode interactions in 5-V lithium-ion cells

Effects of High-Rate Cycling on the Bulk Internal Pressure Rise and Capacity Degradation of Commercial LiCoO2Cells

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Product

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Effects of High-Rate Cycling on the Bulk Internal Pressure Rise and Capacity Degradation of Commercial LiCoO₂Cells