Effect of lidocaine phonophoresis on sensory blockade: pulsed or continuous mode of therapeutic ultrasound?

Ebrahimi, Samaneh; Abbasnia, Keramatollah; Motealleh, Alireza; Kooroshfard, N.; Kamali, Fahimeh; Ghaffarinezhad, F.

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2011.01.009

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…124 Phonophoresis: Application of pulsed therapeutic ultrasound for percutaneous lidocaine absorption increases the analgesic effect when compared to continuous ultrasound. 125 Pulsed electromagnetic therapy: Application of non-thermal, non-invasive electromagnetic therapy can result in pain reduction in humans with knee OA. 126 Shock wave therapy: Deformation of tissues using high-intensity sound waves leads to a cascade of beneficial effects such as neovascularisation ingrowth, reversal of chronic inflammation, stimulation of collagen and analgesia, 127 and in humans with lower back pain.…”

Section: Therapeutic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain

Mathews¹,

Kronen²,

Lascelles³

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Nurse

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are toxic in dogs and cats' False. As most pain is associated with inflammation NSAIDs are the mainstay of analgesia for both acute and chronic pain in dogs and cats, and are widely and safely used in many animals around the world. The analgesic benefits far outweigh the potential risks. However, it is essential that the individual patient is screened for potential risk factors prior to administration and monitored during treatment. Many of the NSAIDs licensed for use in humans have a narrow safety margin in animals and should be used with caution. Where approved drugs are available, they should be used preferentially. 'If I alleviate pain, the animal will move and disrupt its suture line/fracture repair' False. The use of pain to control movement following surgery is unethical. Where activity needs to be controlled, other means should be adopted (e.g. cage confinement, controlled leash walking). Controlled walking exercise is essential for postoperative orthopaedic E24

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Section: Therapeutic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain

Mathews¹,

Kronen²,

Lascelles³

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Nurse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phonophoresis: Application of pulsed therapeutic ultrasound for percutaneous lidocaine absorption increases the analgesic effect when compared to continuous ultrasound …”

Section: Section 2: Pain Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain

Mathews¹,

Kronen²,

Lascelles³

et al. 2014

J of Small Animal Practice

267

122

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“…These micro-jets have been confirmed as the main contributors to the permeability increment (Wolloch & Kost, 2010). The effects of ultrasound have been studied for the enhancement of transdermal lidocaine delivery with significant results for both pulsed and continuous output mode of LFS (Ebrahimi et al, 2012). However, as far as we are aware of, these techniques are yet to be combined and studied for permeability enhancement levels, particularly for lidocaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidocaine carboxymethylcellulose with gelatine co-polymer hydrogel delivery by combined microneedle and ultrasound

et al. 2014

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A study that combines microneedles (MNs) and sonophoresis pre-treatment was explored to determine their combined effects on percutaneous delivery of lidocaine from a polymeric hydrogel formulation. Varying ratios of carboxymethylcellulose and gelatine (NaCMC/gel ranges 1:1.60-1:2.66) loaded with lidocaine were prepared and characterized for zeta potential and particle size. Additionally, variations in the formulation drying techniques were explored during the formulation stage. Ex vivo permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells measured lidocaine permeation through porcine skin after pre-treatment with stainless steel MNs and 20 kHz sonophoresis for 5-and 10-min durations. A stable formulation was related to a lower gelatine mass ratio because of smaller mean particle sizes and high zeta potential. Lidocaine permeability in skin revealed some increases in permeability from combined MN and ultrasound pre-treatment studies. Furthermore, up to 4.8-fold increase in the combined application was observed compared with separate pre-treatments after 30 min. Sonophoresis pre-treatment alone showed insignificant enhancement in lidocaine permeation during the initial 2 h period. MN application increased permeability at a time of 0.5 h for up to ∼17 fold with an average up to 4 fold. The time required to reach therapeutic levels of lidocaine was decreased to less than 7 min. Overall, the attempted approach promises to be a viable alternative to conventional lidocaine delivery methods involving painful injections by hypodermic needles. The mass transfer effects were fairly enhanced and the lowest amount of lidocaine in skin was 99.7% of the delivered amount at a time of 3 h for lidocaine NaCMC/GEL 1:2.66 after low-frequency sonophoresis and MN treatment.

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Effect of lidocaine phonophoresis on sensory blockade: pulsed or continuous mode of therapeutic ultrasound?

Abstract: Pulsed ultrasound with topical lidocaine gel induced greater anaesthetic effect compared with continuous ultrasound with topical lidocaine gel and lidocaine application alone. The mechanical properties of pulsed ultrasound appear to be responsible for greater drug penetration.

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain

Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain

Lidocaine carboxymethylcellulose with gelatine co-polymer hydrogel delivery by combined microneedle and ultrasound

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