Effect of light, CO2 and nitrate concentration on Chlorella vulgaris growth and composition in a flat-plate photobioreactor

Klein, Bruno Colling; Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar; Filho, Rubens Maciel; Maciel, Maria Regina Wolf

doi:10.1007/s43153-021-00100-x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Similar results were also shown by Altın et al [62]; the NaNO 3 supplement in BG-11 medium did not significantly improve the growth rate of Chlorella variabilisin. However, nitrate supplementation aided the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus FSP-3, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis tetrathele, and Chlorella vulgaris [63][64][65]. Regardless of whether NaNO 3 was added or not, the lutein content of Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Chlorella Sp Was Cultured In Fertilizer With Nano 3 Supplementmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to investigate the use of organic fertilizers instead of modified f/2 medium for Chlorella sp. cultivation, and the extracted lutein of the microalga to protect mammal cells against blue-light irradiation. The biomass productivity and lutein content of Chlorella sp. cultured in 20 g/L fertilizer medium for 6 days were 1.04 g/L/d and 4.41 mg/g, respectively. These values are approximately 1.3- and 1.4-fold higher than those achieved with the modified f/2 medium, respectively. The cost of medium per gram of microalgal biomass reduced by about 97%. The microalgal lutein content was further increased to 6.03 mg/g in 20 g/L fertilizer medium when supplemented with 20 mM urea, and the cost of medium per gram lutein reduced by about 96%. When doses of ≥1 μM microalgal lutein were used to protect mammal NIH/3T3 cells, there was a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the cells in the following blue-light irradiation treatments. The results show that microalgal lutein produced by fertilizers with urea supplements has the potential to develop anti-blue-light oxidation products and reduce the economic challenges of microalgal biomass applied to carbon biofixation and biofuel production.

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Section: Chlorella Sp Was Cultured In Fertilizer With Nano 3 Supplementmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

et al. 2023

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“…These studies have reported a range of different optimum operating conditions for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris . For example, a photo to dark period ratio of 12:12 was found to be optimum by several studies; − however, Azari et al found 16:8 and Wong et al reported 20:4. While a less than 1 volume/volume per minute (VVM) gas flow rate was used in several studies, Klein et al, Leflay et al, Wong et al, and many others used higher than 1 VVM for higher biomass production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a photo to dark period ratio of 12:12 was found to be optimum by several studies; − however, Azari et al found 16:8 and Wong et al reported 20:4. While a less than 1 volume/volume per minute (VVM) gas flow rate was used in several studies, Klein et al, Leflay et al, Wong et al, and many others used higher than 1 VVM for higher biomass production. Due to significant variations in operating conditions, the previous studies (Table ) have also reported a large variation in biomass concentration (from 0.15 to 14.30 g/L) and CO 2 biofixation (from 0.43 to 1.5 g/L/day).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofixation of Carbon Dioxide Using Chlorella vulgaris

Hena,

Bhatelia,

Patel

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Microalgae cultivation is a scalable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology for large-scale carbon capture and utilization. In this study, a freshwater strain of C. vulgaris was investigated for its ability to fix CO2 in biomass. Initially, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of the strain was carried out by conducting 7-day cultivation trials. In these trials, the CO2 concentration in the gas stream was gradually increased from 0.03 to 10 vol %. The ALE process was concluded with a fifth-generation strain at 10 vol % CO2. After the adaption of microalgae strain at 10% CO2, further investigations were carried out to understand the effects of inoculum size, culture media, photoperiod, and light intensity on the biomass productivity and biofixation of CO2. The experiments found a 0.015 g/L inoculum size, blue-green-11 (BG-11) culture media, 115 μmol m–2 s–1 light intensity, and a 16:8 phototo:dark period ratio as optimum operating conditions. Under these optimum conditions, the process resulted in the highest biomass productivity of 0.7480 g/(L d) and a biofixation rate of 1.37 gCO2/L/day. Mass balance over the cultivation process under optimum conditions resulted in an ∼0.5% CO2 conversion to biomass. Consequently, a simple flowsheet was developed with the recycling of gases to process a 100 kg/day pure CO2 stream with a 1% purge, and the mass balance over the flowsheet was calculated using the conversion data from the experiments. The experimental data of the current study are critical to understanding the ALE of Chlorella vulgaris and optimum cultivation conditions, whereas the mass balance with recycled gas provides insight into the large-scale deployment of the process.

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Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability

Benner

Meier

Pfeffer

et al. 2022

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.

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Effect of light, CO2 and nitrate concentration on Chlorella vulgaris growth and composition in a flat-plate photobioreactor

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

Biofixation of Carbon Dioxide Using Chlorella vulgaris

Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability

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