Effect of light quality on movement of <i>Pterostichus melanarius</i> (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Allema, A.B.; Rossing, W.A.H.; Werf, Wopke Van der; Heusinkveld, B.G.; Bukovinszky, Tibor; Steingröver, E.G.; Lenteren, J.C. van

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01728.x

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…P. melanarius is a nocturnal predator that locates its prey by sight and olfactory cues, and broad spectrum light may therefore aid its prey location and/or increase its activity; Allema et al. () found variation in activity levels in this species under different wavelengths of light, with both males and females spending less time moving under high‐pressure sodium lighting than under red LEDs. While the spectra of these lights are not comparable with the present study, it is clear that activity patterns in this species are sensitive to different wavelengths of artificial light.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations

Bennie

Davies

Cruse

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Globally, many ecosystems are exposed to artificial light at night. Nighttime lighting has direct biological impacts on species at all trophic levels. However, the effects of artificial light on biotic interactions remain, for the most part, to be determined. We exposed experimental mesocosms containing combinations of grassland plants and invertebrate herbivores and predators to illumination at night over a 3‐year period to simulate conditions under different common forms of street lighting. We demonstrate both top‐down (predation‐controlled) and bottom‐up (resource‐controlled) impacts of artificial light at night in grassland communities. The impacts on invertebrate herbivore abundance were wavelength‐dependent and mediated via other trophic levels. White LED lighting decreased the abundance of a generalist herbivore mollusc by 55% in the presence of a visual predator, but not in its absence, while monochromatic amber light (with a peak wavelength similar to low‐pressure sodium lighting) decreased abundance of a specialist herbivore aphid (by 17%) by reducing the cover and flower abundance of its main food plant in the system. Artificial white light also significantly increased the food plant's foliar carbon to nitrogen ratio. We conclude that exposure to artificial light at night can trigger ecological effects spanning trophic levels, and that the nature of such impacts depends on the wavelengths emitted by the lighting technology employed. Policy implications. Our results confirm that artificial light at night, at illuminance levels similar to roadside vegetation, can have population effects mediated by both top‐down and bottom‐up effects on ecosystems. Given the increasing ubiquity of light pollution at night, these impacts may be widespread in the environment. These results underline the importance of minimizing ecosystem disruption by reducing light pollution in natural and seminatural ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations

Bennie

Davies

Cruse

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Internal odour sources (IOS) and insect isolation traps IITs were rinsed with 70% ethanol and dried between runs to minimize effects of any residual odours. Olfactory bioassays were conducted under red light (Philips 23 W PAR38 Red light) to simulate nocturnal conditions in the field [32]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Detection and Discrimination by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Are Associated with Olfactory Cues

et al. 2017

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Olfactory ability is an element of fitness in many animals, guiding choices among alternatives such as mating partners or food. Ground beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae), exhibit preferences for prey, and some species are well-known weed seed predators. We used olfactometer-based bioassays to determine if olfactory stimuli are associated with detection of Brassica napus L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Thlaspi arvense L. seeds by ground beetles characteristic of agroecosystems, and whether behavioural responses to seed odors depended on seed physiological state (imbibed or unimbibed). Imbibed B.napus seeds were preferred over other weed species by two of the three carabid species tested. Only A. littoralis responded significantly to unimbibed seeds of B. napus. Sensitivity to olfactory cues appeared to be highly specific as all carabid species discriminated between the olfactory cues of imbibed brassicaceous weed seeds, but did not discriminate between weed seeds that were unimbibed. Overall, our data suggest that depending on seed physiological state, odours can play an important role in the ability of carabids to find and recognize seeds of particular weed species.

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“…The near infrared cut filter was removed from the camera to make it sensitive to near infrared (see Allema et al . () for more details). Radiation sources were placed next to each of the cameras.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During nine different nights, different plots, each with five plants in the flowering stage, were observed with the infrared camera for a total of 36 h. Images were captured using two analogue monochrome cameras (Ikegami, ICD-49E) at 5 frames per second. The near infrared cut filter was removed from the camera to make it sensitive to near infrared (see Allema et al (2012) for more details). Radiation sources were placed next to each of the cameras.…”

Section: S E L F I N G I N B N I G R a P L A N T S U P O N H E R B mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endure and call for help: strategies of black mustard plants to deal with a specialized caterpillar

et al. 2016

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Summary1. Plants have evolved inducible resistance and tolerance mechanisms against insect herbivores. Resistance mechanisms that affect herbivorous insects directly can be effective against generalist herbivores, but will not deter specialist herbivores from attacking the plant. Tolerance mechanisms and indirect plant resistance are more likely effective strategies used by plants when dealing with specialist herbivores. However, inducible indirect resistance and tolerance mechanisms have rarely been investigated within the same study system. 2. We studied multiple tolerance mechanisms and the role of natural enemies in reducing fitness loss of Brassica nigra plants incurred by feeding by the specialist herbivore Pieris brassicae. For this, we measured the changes in carbon and nitrogen triggered by herbivore attack and quantified plant biomass and seed production under field conditions, in the presence or absence of natural enemies of the herbivores. We also assessed whether B. nigra increased selfing rates when exposed to herbivore infestation, and investigated whether infestation by P. brassicae rendered B. nigra plants more attractive to night-active pollinators than control plants. 3. We found that B. nigra flowers are rarely visited by insects during the night, and exposure to herbivores did not influence selfing rates. Brassica nigra plants compensated for herbivory in terms of vegetative biomass. Seed set was negatively affected by herbivory in the absence of natural enemies, but not in the presence of natural enemies. Plants responded to herbivory with drastic changes in nitrogen contents of leaves and flowers, whereas no changes in carbon concentrations were detected. 4. The investment in reproduction or re-growth of vegetative tissues is not sufficient to sustain plant fitness. Reproductive output of flowering mustard plants is only sustained when interactions with the natural enemies of the herbivores are preserved. We conclude that natural enemies of herbivorous insects play an important role as component of the plant's defence strategy. This study reveals that both tolerance and indirect resistance are strategies of this plant species to sustain fitness.

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Effect of light quality on movement of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Artificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations

Artificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations

Seed Detection and Discrimination by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Are Associated with Olfactory Cues

Endure and call for help: strategies of black mustard plants to deal with a specialized caterpillar

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