Effect of Lipases fromCandida cylinderaceaon Enrichment of PUFA in Marine Microalgae

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a fundamental role in human metabolism. Here, a study was attempted to develop a commercially feasible technology to enrich eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) present in Isochrysis galbana, Chaetocerous calcitran, Chlorella marina and Tetraselmis gracillus using lipase source Candida cylinderacea. To the wet mass of algae added 4, 8 and 12 U of lipase enzyme concentration and was incubated at 37C for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h of hydrolysis. Control was taken without any added enzyme. The experiment investigated the optimum conditions of lipases as a function of time and enzyme concentrations. The study reveals that the uses of biolipases under standardized condition are useful for commercial production of PUFA in pharmaceutical industries. Practical Application Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a fundamental role in human metabolism due to their antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, and play role in the prevention of cardiac diseases and inhibition of tumor progression. Marine fish oil is the richest source for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but the limitations are its high susceptibility toward oxidation and consequent off‐flavors and production of toxic compounds, as well as geographical and seasonal variations in quality and quantity. As marine algae is the primary producer of n‐3 PUFA in the natural environment, replacing fish oil with n‐3 PUFA enriched algae provides an excellent opportunity to develop alternative n‐3 PUFA for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes. Following this background, a study was attempted to develop a commercially feasible technology to enrich Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) present in microalgae.

Antimicrobial Activity of Arthrospira (Former Spirulina) and Dunaliella Related to Recognized Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds

“…However, Arthrospira and chlorophytes, such as Dunaliella and Chlorella, are not suitable as a single-species diet, as they are not rich sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [25,26,44]. Microalgae may be the main source of the physiologically important ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA in fish oil; however, this role is attributed mainly to dinoflagellates [45].…”

“…The medicinal potential of microalgae in brief includes their ability to synthesize anti-inflammatory antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamin E [23] and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs are vital for human metabolism and cardiovascular health, two of them with longer chains even being prescription drugs for lowering triglyceride levels [1, [24][25][26][27]. In fact, marine microalgae are the main primary producers of those longer chain ω-3 PUFAs [28].…”

Microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids: Hotspots and production techniques

“…By undergoing hydrolysis, transesterification, and esterification reactions, lipases can produce high concentrations of specific fatty acids, which can be subsequently isolated and enriched by other methods (Akanbi et al, 2013). Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis has proven successful in enriching EPA and DHA in oils from fish (Pan et al, 2012;Valverde et al, 2013;Valverde et al, 2014), Isochrysis galbana, Chaetocerous calcitran, Chlorella marina, and Tetraselmis gracillus (Jacob and Mathew, 2017), and ALA in flaxseed oil (Rupani et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2020). Hence, lipase can be an efficient and environmentally friendly tool to enrich fatty acids.…”

The Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Effects on Lipid Biosynthesis of Microalgae

“…Although there are many kinds of lipids in microalgae, only key fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG) seem to have application potentials. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their processes of biosynthesis [ 48 , 49 ]. To be specific, the carbon fixed by photosynthesis in microalgae is first used in chloroplasts to synthesize fatty acids and then to produce fatty acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA).…”