Effect of local sympathectomy on 24-h changes in mitogenic responses and lymphocyte subset populations in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during the preclinical phase of Freund’s adjuvant arthritis

Esquifino, Ana I.; Castrillón, Patricia O.; Chacón, Fernando; Cutrera, Rodolfo A.; Cardinali, Daniel P.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03060-2

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…in human lymphocyte NK cell activity, DNA, IFN-Á and TNF-· synthesis, as well as the proliferation of T lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines were depressed by melatonin [126][127][128]. In our own studies, melatonin treatment exerted an inhibitory influence on submaxillary lymph node cytolytic CD8+ cells [55].…”

Section: Melatonin Is a Circadian Immunoregulatory Signalsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…For example, B-and T-cell-mediated mitogenic activities of LPS and Con A, respectively, were modified in amplitude or acrophase during the preclinical phase [55] while exhibiting few or no changes during the acute phase of experimental arthritis [56]. Similarly, 24-hour variations of B and T cells, as well as of CD4+ (T-helper) and CD8+ (T-cytolytic) cells became significantly changed during the preclinical phase [54,55], with the absence of changes during the acute phase [56]. Even in the case of lymph node cell proliferation and local autonomic nerve activity, the increase in amplitude and the midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) found in the preclinical phase of arthritis was higher than that observed as the disease progressed [52].…”

Section: Experimental Arthritis Disrupts Normal Chronobiological Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Disorganization in Experimental Arthritis

Cardinali

Esquifino²

2003

Neurosignals

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This review discusses the experimental evidence indicating that arthritis disrupts circadian organization, which was mainly derived from animal studies employing Freund’s complete mycobacterial adjuvant (FCA). The defense response to antigenic challenge, mediated in part by cytokines, includes changes in chronobiological central nervous system function, like depressed daily activity, superficial sleep or anorexia. Interferon (IFN)-γ receptors are detectable in the central circadian pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei, at a time when the capacity for photic entrainment of the pacemaker became established. The disruptive effects of the systemic injection of IFN on the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature and clock-gene mRNA expression have been documented. In the last few years we have examined a number of immune and neuroendocrine circadian rhythms in FCA-injected rats, both in the preclinical phase of arthritis (2–3 days after FCA injection) as well as in the acute phase of the disease (18 days after FCA injection). In arthritic rats, the 24-hour organization of immune and neuroendocrine responses becomes altered. A hormonal pathway involving the circadian secretion of melatonin and a purely neural pathway including, as a motor leg, the autonomic nervous system innervating the lymph nodes were identified. The significant effects of the immune-mediated inflammatory response on the diurnal rhythmicity of adenohypophysial and hypophysiotropic hormones occurred in arthritic rats. Melatonin treatment prevented the alteration in 24-hour rhythms of serum ACTH, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in rats injected with FCA. In addition, melatonin pretreatment prevented the alteration in the 24-hour variation in hypothalamic serotonin and dopamine turnover during the preclinical phase of Freund’s adjuvant arthritis in rats. Some pinealectomy-induced immune changes in arthritic rats were also prevented by physiological concentrations of melatonin. Melatonin may play the role of an ‘internal synchronizer’ for the immune system.

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Section: Melatonin Is a Circadian Immunoregulatory Signalsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Experimental Arthritis Disrupts Normal Chronobiological Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Disorganization in Experimental Arthritis

Cardinali

Esquifino²

2003

Neurosignals

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“…Several immune functions also display circadian rhythms, such as cytokine production [5,11,12], lymphocyte subset populations or mitogenic responses in immunocompetent organs (e.g., submaxillary lymph nodes or spleen) [13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, previous observations from our laboratory indicated that several circadian rhythms in the hypothalamic-hypophysial unit related to the release of pituitary hormones became severely distorted or suppressed during the immune reaction [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cerebroventricular Administration of Interferon-Gamma Modifies Locomotor Activity in the Golden Hamster

et al. 2003

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The present study was undertaken to examine whether the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of interferon (IFN)-gamma could modify 24-hour wheel running locomotor activity in the golden hamster. Hamsters implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle received a single i.c.v. injection of 1 µl of murine recombinant IFN-gamma (40 IU/µl) or its vehicle (saline) at ZT 6 or ZT 18 (with ZT 12 defined arbitrarily as the time of lights off) and their activities were monitored during 24 h. The i.c.v. administration of IFN-gamma at ZT 6 produced a significant phase advance in acrophase of rhythm, an effect not seen at ZT 18. Also, IFN-gamma depressed mesor value significantly, the effect was seen at both times. These results clearly showed that the circadian clock could be modified by IFN-gamma microinjections. One explanation could be the presence of IFN-gamma receptor in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus, supporting a direct effect on the central oscillator. However, another hypothesis could not be ruled out.

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“…We can partly answer this question. In a recent study, the submaxillary lymph nodes of rats that received a SCGx or sham operation and that were injected 10 days later with Freund's complete adjuvant or its vehicle were examined [15]. In rats injected with adjuvant vehicle, mean values for 24-hour rhythms of relative size of B, T, B-T, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ cell lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes were not affected by chronic SCGx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon-Gamma Release in Sympathetically Denervated Rat Submaxillary Lymph Nodes

Castrillón

Cardinali

Arce

et al. 2000

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: To examine the regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ release by cells derived from submaxillary lymph nodes of rats subjected to an acute or chronic superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx). Methods: A unilateral SCGx and a contralateral sham operation were performed. Twenty hours or 7 days later cells from submaxillary lymph nodes were incubated for 24 h without any additional treatment (experiment 1), after adding lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A (experiment 2) or after adding norepinephrine (NE, 10^–8M; experiment 3). IFN-γ concentration in the culture media was measured by ELISA. Results: Compared to controls, cells obtained from lymph nodes at a time of degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals released more IFN-γ, whereas those derived from chronically SCGx lymph nodes released less IFN-γ. Stimulation of IFN-γ release by mitogens was detectable in the innervated or acutely denervated lymph nodes, but not in chronically denervated lymph nodes. When the effect of 10^–8M NE on IFN-γ release was tested, the neurotransmitter augmented cytokine release in cells prepared from chronically denervated lymph nodes only. Conclusion: The microenvironment provided by local sympathetic nerves is essential to enable an appropriate IFN-γ release by submaxillary lymph node cells to occur.

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Effect of local sympathectomy on 24-h changes in mitogenic responses and lymphocyte subset populations in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during the preclinical phase of Freund’s adjuvant arthritis

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Circadian Disorganization in Experimental Arthritis

Circadian Disorganization in Experimental Arthritis

Cerebroventricular Administration of Interferon-Gamma Modifies Locomotor Activity in the Golden Hamster

Interferon-Gamma Release in Sympathetically Denervated Rat Submaxillary Lymph Nodes

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