Effect of lofepramine on 5-HT function and sleep

REM Sleep Effects as a Biomarker for the Effects of Antidepressants in Healthy Volunteers

“…The literature search yielded 41 articles published since 1977. Twenty-four articles could be used (Nakazawa et al, 1977;Fernandez-Guardiola et al, 1978;Gnirss, 1986;Nicholson et al, 1986aNicholson et al, ,b, 1988Nicholson et al, , 1989Hopes, 1989;Maeda et al, 1990;Riemann et al, 1990;Ruigt et al, 1990;Kajimura et al, 1991;Saletu et al, 1991;Feuillade et al, 1992;Herdman et al, 1993;Vasar et al, 1994;Ware et al, 1994;Sharpley et al, 1996;Salin-Pascual et al, 1997;Schlosser et al, 1998;Vogal et al, 1998;Yamadera et al, 1998;Jobert et al, 1999;Wilson et al, 2000), because some collected articles were reviews, investigated REM sleep effects in only depressive patients or effects of other drugs (Vogel, 1975;Pavel et al, 1981;Paiva et al, 1988;Wiegand et al, 1989;Blois et al, 1990;Sharpley et al, 1990;Riemann et al, 1992;Armitage et al, 1994;Jarrett et al, 1994;Pasternak et al, 1994;Rotenberg, 1994;Landolt et al, 2001;Scharf et al, 1999;Sharpley et al, 1994;van Bemmel, 1997;Sharpley et al...…”

“…The antidepressants are presented in order of decreasing acute effect on REM sleep. The REM sleep effects plotted against the serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine transporter affinities and muscarinic receptor affinities did not Amitriptyline (25 mg) (Nakazawa et al, 1977) 37 32.3 64.6 -Amitriptyline (75 mg) (Riemann et al, 1990) 60.9 67.2 44.8 122.7 Clomipramine (50 mg) (Maeda et al, 1990) 70.3 80.7 80.7 266.3 Dexnafenodone (20 mg) (Jobert et al, 1999) 55.5 64.3 --Dothiepin (100 mg) (Wilson et al, 2000) 16.0 NS 19.3 NS -NS -Fluoxetine (20 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1988) 9.3 NS 9.0 NS 9 NS -17.0 NS Fluoxetine (40 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1988) 3.2 NS 3.1 NS 1.5 NS -1.8 NS Fluoxetine (60 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1988) 45.9 44.4 14.8 8.4 NS Fluoxetine (60 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1989) 36.4 31.4 10.5 -0.4 NS Fluvoxamine (100 mg) (Wilson et al, 2000) 36 43.4 43.4 53.8 Imipramine (40 mg) (Yamadera et al, 1998) 49.1 43.8 27.4 53.1 Imipramine (75 mg) (Jobert et al, 1999) 54 62.6 20.9 115.3 Indalpine (25 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 55.5 48 --Indalpine (50 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 85.3 73.7 --Indeloxazine (40 mg) (Kajimura et al, 1991) 43.2 35.5 --Lofepramine (140 mg) (Hopes, 1989) 50.6 56.1 40.1 85.3 Lofepramine (140 mg) (Herdman et al, 1993) 43.3 49.5 35.4 48.5 Maprotiline (75 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 38.1 32 10.7 -0.7 NS Maprotiline (150 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 54.6 45.9 7.7 4.3 NS Mianserin (20 mg) (Maeda et al, 1990) 17.6 16.7 25 40.1 Mianserin (20 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986b) 33.4 29.9 44.9 54.1 NS Mianserin (40 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986b) 45.8 41 30.8 105.1 Mirtazapine (30 mg) (Ruigt et al, 1990) -21 NS -13.7 NS -6.9 NS 18.2 Nefazodone (200 mg) (Sharpley et al, 1996) 14.0 NS 13.5 NS 13.5 NS -13.3 NS Nefazodone (200 mg) (Ware et al, 1994) -24.4 -27 -27 -16.9 NS Nomifensine (100 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 55 49.3 24.7 34.2 NS Nomifensine (100 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 48.1 40.5 20.2 47.2 Nomifensine (100 mg) (Nicholson et al, 1986a) 44.9 38.8 19.4 -11.3 NS Nomifensine (100 mg)…”

“…Antidepressant effects typically develop over time, so studies using prolonged treatment were evaluated separately. Twelve articles (Fernandez-Guardiola et al, 1978;Maeda et al, 1990;Riemann et al, 1990;Kajimura et al, 1991;Herdman et al, 1993;Vasar et al, 1994;Ware et al, 1994;Salin-Sharpley et al, 1996;Pascual et al, 1997;Schlosser et al, 1998;Vogal et al, 1998;Jobert et al, 1999) were included, investigating the REM sleep effects of 13 different antidepressants and 28 evaluations after multiple-dose administration. Sometimes, doses were increased gradually.…”

“…For the relationship between antidepressants and REM sleep effects, each study was investigated individually, due to the wide variability in the design of the different studies. Most drugs [amitriptyline (Riemann et al, 1990), clomipramine (Maeda et al, 1990), imipramine (Jobert et al, 1999), indeloxazine (Kajimura et al, 1991), lofepramine (Herdman et al, 1993), paroxetine (Sharpley et al, 1996) and dexnafenodone (Jobert et al, 1999)] caused a REM sleep reduction which diminished over time. REMreductions did not diminish with mianserin (Maeda et al, 1990), trazodone (Ware et al, 1994) or venlafaxine (Salin-Pascual et al, 1997).…”