Effect of long and short umbilical cord on perinatal outcome

Algreisi, Fahad; Brown, Richard N; Shrim, Alon; AlBasri, Samera F.; Shamarani, Hanan; AlZoubiadi, Aisha

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164042

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The incidence of multiple nuchal cords was slightly more than those given in other study groups. 11,12 In present study, as the number of loops of cord around neck increased, the mean cord length was found to be more: 65 cm for one loop, 84 cm for two loops and 95 cm for three loops. Longer cords tend to become looped around neck.…”

Section: 3supporting

confidence: 47%

Study of length of umbilical cord and fetal outcome: a study of 1000 deliveries

Kumar

Tharihalli

Chandrashekhar

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Human embryo develops inside the body of the mother. One of the important part of the fetoplacental unit is the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is the lifeline of the fetus. Objective of present study was to investigate the correlation of umbilical cord length with fetal parameters like APGAR score, sex, weight, and length, and its effect on labor.Methods: This prospective study conducted in the Department of OBG of VIMS, Bellary, from 1st February 2016 to 31st January 2017. The 1000 pregnant women of >37 weeks were studied following delivery for length of umbilical cord, any loop around neck, trunk, shoulder and number of loops of cord; knots of cord etc. Fetal parameters recorded were sex, weight, and length of the newborn and APGAR score at 1 and 5 min.Results: Cord length varied from 22 to 126 cm. The mean cord length was 66 cm (±10 cm). Maximum cases have cord length of 61and 70 cm. Lower 5th percentile and upper 5th percentile considered as short and long cord. Short-cord group was associated with signiﬁcantly higher (p<0.05) incidence of LSCS cases. The incidence of all types of cord complications increases as the cord length increases (p<0.001). Nuchal cords had higher mean cord length and as the number of loops in a nuchal cord increases to two or more loops, the operative interference and fetal heart abnormalities increases. Fetal heart rate abnormalities and birth asphyxia increase with extremes of cord length (p<0.001).Conclusions: Short and long cords are associated with increased incidence of cord complications, operative interference, intrapartum complications, increased fetal heart rate abnormalities, and birth asphyxia. But cord length did not vary according to the weight, length, and sex of the baby.

show abstract

Section: 3supporting

confidence: 47%

Study of length of umbilical cord and fetal outcome: a study of 1000 deliveries

Kumar

Tharihalli

Chandrashekhar

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was no significant association between velamentous insertion and selective fetal growth restriction (P = 0.486), twintwin transfusion syndrome (P = 0.4), and birth weight discordance (>20% and >25%)(p = 0.378 and 0.168, respectively) in monochorionic diamniotic twins. 17 Although these authors did not note a difference in the incidence of velamentous insertion based upon chorionicity, other authors have reported a higher incidence of velamentous insertion among monochorionic versus dichorionic twins. 118 Of note, the presence of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord among monochorionic twin gestations in a study by Castro-Costa et al of 630 monochorionic twin gestations was not associated with the development of twin-twin transfusion syndrome but was associated nevertheless with an increase in adverse perinatal outcome.…”

Section: Velamentous Insertion In Twinsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The average umbilical cord length is approximately 55-60 cm in length. [15][16][17] While various nomograms have been established for each gestational week (with short and long umbilical cords being defined as <10th and >90th centiles for gestational age, respectively), in general at term, short umbilical cords are considered those measuring <40 cm, while the definition of an excessively long umbilical cord has been reported as >80 or 100 cm, although umbilical cords as long as 165 or even 300 cm have been reported. 1 Both excessively long and short umbilical cords, respectively, have been associated with an increase in adverse perinatal outcome.…”

Section: Umbilical Cord Morphometry Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Both excessively long and short umbilical cords, respectively, have been associated with an increase in adverse perinatal outcome. 1,17 Berg and Rayburn in a study of 3109 consecutive singleton pregnancies finding [(61 cases (2%) of short cords (13-35 cm)), and (112 cases (3.7%) of cases of long cords (80-121 cm))] noted that umbilical blood pH and base excess values were similar in pregnancies with short (7.35 ± 0.90, and 3.1 ± 2.7 mEq/L mean ± SD), normal length (7.36 ± 0.03 and 3.8 ± 1.7 mEq/L) and long (7.34 ± 0.06 and 3.7 ± 3.1 mEq/L) umbilical cords. 18 Excessively long umbilical cords clearly predispose to cord entanglement [true knot(s), nuchal cord(s) and other complex entanglements].…”

Section: Umbilical Cord Morphometry Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current Perspectives of Prenatal Sonography of Umbilical Cord Morphology

Sherer¹,

Al-Haddad²,

Cheng³

et al. 2021

IJWH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The umbilical cord constitutes a continuation of the fetal cardiovascular system anatomically bridging between the placenta and the fetus. This structure, critical in human development, enables mobility of the developing fetus within the gestational sac in contrast to the placenta, which is anchored to the uterine wall. The umbilical cord is protected by unique, robust anatomical features, which include: length of the umbilical cord, Wharton's jelly, two umbilical arteries, coiling, and suspension in amniotic fluid. These features all contribute to protect and buffer this essential structure from potential detrimental twisting, shearing, torsion, and compression forces throughout gestation, and specifically during labor and delivery. The arterial components of the umbilical cord are further protected by the presence of Hyrtl's anastomosis between the two respective umbilical arteries. Abnormalities of the umbilical cord are uncommon yet include excessively long or short cords, hyper or hypocoiling, cysts, single umbilical artery, supernumerary vessels, rarely an absent umbilical cord, stricture, furcate and velamentous insertions (including vasa previa), umbilical vein and arterial thrombosis, umbilical artery aneurysm, hematomas, and tumors (including hemangioma angiomyxoma and teratoma). This commentary will address current perspectives of prenatal sonography of the umbilical cord, including structural anomalies and the potential impact of future imaging technologies.

show abstract

“…In present study 71% had APGAR of 7 at first minute and 98% had APGAR of 9 at fifth minute. Algriesi et al, showed that there was increased incidence of APGAR less than 7 at first minute with short cords when compared to long cords [25] . Linde et al, showed there was risk of low APGAR at 5 minutes with cord entanglements and short cords [67] .…”

Section: Fig 4: Graphical Distribution Of Correlation Between Ctg and Perinatal Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Association of umbilical cord abnormalities and nonreassuring fetal heart rate and its perinatal outcome

Bhadrashetty¹,

Gomathy²

2021

Int. J. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Constant observation of fetal heart rate during labour has been used over recent 50 years for antenatal assessment of fetus in view of hypoxemia and acidemia [1] Abnormality found in fetal heart rate during labour is one of the major indications for immediate delivery or emergent caesarean section worldwide. Such umbilical cord abnormalities include cord entanglements, hypercoiling, true knots, strictures and short cords. Umbilical cord which acts as a lifeline between mother and fetus is an easily accessible and assessable structure and there is some evidence that adverse antenatal and perinatal events could be predicted by examination of umbilical cord abnormalities intraoperatively or postnatally and thus the perinatal outcome can be detected. Objectives of the study ▪To study the correlation between umbilical cord abnormalities and none reassuring fetal heart rate. ▪Neonatal outcome in patients with umbilical cord abnormalities. Methodology: All those women whose Cardiotocography showing non reassuring fetal heart rate according to NICE guidelines, with no maternal or fetal clinical risk factor will be considered for the study. Patients will be followed up till the surgery and intraoperative findings will be noted or will be followed up till vaginal delivery. APGAR scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes seen and cord blood pH (7.36-7.45 as normal) is taken into account to study perinatal outcome. The purpose of the study will be detecting the prevalence and types of umbilical cord variabilities and their correlation with non reassuring heart rate of the fetus and its perinatal outcome. Short cord of less than 30 cms and long cord of more than 70 cms is considered for the study. In our tertiary care hospital in Kolar district of Karnataka, we decided to conduct study with a sample size of 150 patients. Results: A total of 150 women were taken into the study who belonged within the inclusion criteria. Correlation between CTG and cord abnormalities showed that 73.3% were associated with non reassuring CTG and 26.7% were associated with abnormal CTG. Among the umbilical cord abnormalities noted, 44% were cord entanglements, 25% were long cord and 15% were short cord. In present study, correlation between cord abnormalities and CTG has been established which showed that 30% of long cord showed non reassuring CTG and 80% of cord entanglement showed abnormal CTG. P value being <0.001 was found to be statistically significant on Chi square test. Mean values of pH with long cord is 7.21, short cord is 7.25, knot of the cord is 7.21 and cord entanglement is 7.29 which indicates acidic cord blood pH. P value on anova test is <0.05 which appears to be statistically significant. Hence cord abnormality has been associated with acidic cord blood pH which indicates adverse perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Umbilical cord abnormalities is being commonly noted during the deliveries but the significance had been ignored. This study shows that there is correlation between incidence of umbilical cord abnormalities and fetal ...

show abstract

Effect of long and short umbilical cord on perinatal outcome

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Study of length of umbilical cord and fetal outcome: a study of 1000 deliveries

Study of length of umbilical cord and fetal outcome: a study of 1000 deliveries

Current Perspectives of Prenatal Sonography of Umbilical Cord Morphology

Association of umbilical cord abnormalities and nonreassuring fetal heart rate and its perinatal outcome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About