Effect of long-lived strongly interacting relic particles on big bang nucleosynthesis

Kusakabe, Motohiko; Kajino, Toshitaka; Yoshida, Takashi; Mathews, Grant J.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.103501

Cited by 42 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The second is the BBN model including a long-lived strongly interacting massive particle. Signatures of such particles are possibly left on the primordial abundances of Be and B which may be found in future astronomical observations of MPSs [49]. The third is the inhomogeneous BBN model which can lead to a high primordial abundance of 9 Be [50].…”

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New results on catalyzed big bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived negatively charged massive particle

et al. 2010

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It has been proposed that the apparent discrepancies between the inferred primordial abundances of 6 Li and 7 Li and the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) can be resolved by the existence of a negatively-charged massive unstable supersymmetric particle (X − ) during the BBN epoch. Here, we present new BBN calculations with an X − particle utilizing an improved nuclear reaction network including captures of nuclei by the particle, nuclear reactions and β-decays of normal nuclei and nuclei bound to the X − particles (X-nuclei), and new reaction rates derived from recent rigorous quantum many-body dynamical calculations. We find that this is still a viable model to explain the observed 6 Li and 7 Li abundances. However, contrary to previous results, neutral X-nuclei cannot significantly affect the BBN light-element abundances. We also show that with the new rates the production of heavier nuclei is suppressed and there is no signature on abundances of nuclei heavier than Be in the X − -particle catalyzed BBN model as has been previously proposed. We also consider the version of this model whereby the X − particle decays into the present cold dark matter. We analyze the this paradigm in light of the recent constraints on the dark-matter mass deduced from the possible detected events in the CDMS-II experiment. We conclude that based upon the inferred range for the dark-matter mass, only X − decay via the weak interaction can achieve the desired 7 Li destruction while also reproducing the observed 6 Li abundance.The nucleosynthesis of light elements in the big bang is a unique probe of new physics which may have occurred during the first few minutes of cosmic expansion in the big bang. Of particular interest in this work is the apparent discrepancy between the inferred primordial abundances of 6 Li and 7 Li and the predictions of standard BBN. A popular model to resolve this discrepancy is the existence of an unstable negatively charged supersymmetric particle during the nucleosynthesis epoch [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Depending upon their abundance and lifetime [7], such particles can catalyze the nuclear reactions leading to enhanced 6 Li [1] and depleted 7 Li [5,6] as required by observations. Here we present new calculations based upon a substantially improved nuclear reaction network for this X − -catalyzed BBN. We solve numerically the nonequilibrium nuclear and chemical reaction network associated to the X − particle [7] with improved reaction rates derived from recent rigorous quantum many-body dynamical calculations [9]. We show that both the 6 Li and 7 Li problems can still be solved. However, contrary to earlier speculation [10], there is no signature in the primordial abundances of heavier nuclides produced by this mechanism.Also in this work we examine the version of this model in which the X − particles decay into the present dark matter. In such models the allowed lifetimes and abundances can be sensitive to the mass of the dark-matter * kusakabe@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp particle...

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New results on catalyzed big bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived negatively charged massive particle

et al. 2010

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“…Finally the X particles decay and heavy nuclides are left. From the fact that all X particles form X-nuclei before their decay, it can be seen that strongly interacting exotic particles have a great impact on BBN (Kusakabe et al 2009b). One reason is that binding energies between an X and nuclides are large, and cross sections of captures of nucleons by X are large, leading to early formation of bound states between nucleons and an X.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Bang nucleosynthesis with long-lived strongly interacting relic particles

Kusakabe¹,

Kajino

Yoshida

et al. 2009

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. We study effects of relic long-lived strongly interacting massive particles (X particles) on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The X particle is assumed to have existed during the BBN epoch, but decayed long before detected. The interaction strength between an X and a nucleon is assumed to be similar to that between nucleons. Rates of nuclear reactions and beta decay of Xnuclei are calculated, and the BBN in the presence of neutral charged X 0 particles is calculated taking account of captures of X 0 by nuclei. As a result, the X 0 particles form bound states with normal nuclei during a relatively early epoch of BBN leading to the production of heavy elements. Constraints on the abundance of X 0 are derived from observations of primordial light element abundances. Particle models which predict long-lived colored particles with lifetimes longer than ∼ 200 s are rejected. This scenario prefers the production of 9 Be and 10 B. There might, therefore, remain a signature of the X particle on primordial abundances of those elements. Possible signatures left on light element abundances expected in four different models are summarized.

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“…The binding to X particles changes the relative energies of initial and final states, and may even change the sign of the Q-value. [29]. We calculate binding energies and eigenstate wave functions of X-nuclei.…”

Section: Nuclear Binding Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model [29] has two interesting predictions, i.e., signatures of the X particles on primordial abundances to be seen in future astronomical observations: 1) 9 Be and B can be produced in amounts more than predicted in the SBBN. 2) The isotopic ratio 10 B/ 11 B tends to be very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of exotic long-lived sub-strongly interacting massive particles in big bang nucleosynthesis and a new solution to the Li problem

Kawasaki

Kusakabe

2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The plateau of 7 Li abundance as a function of the iron abundance by spectroscopic observations of metal-poor halo stars (MPHSs) indicates its primordial origin. The observed abundance levels are about a factor of three smaller than the primordial 7 Li abundance predicted in the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) model. This discrepancy might originate from exotic particle and nuclear processes operating in BBN epoch. Some particle models include heavy (m 1 GeV) long-lived colored particles which would be confined inside exotic heavy hadrons, i.e., strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs). We have found reactions which destroy 7 Be and 7 Li during BBN in the scenario of BBN catalyzed by a long-lived sub-strongly interacting massive particle (sub-SIMP, X). The reactions are non radiative X captures of 7 Be and 7 Li which can be operative if the X particle interacts with nuclei strongly enough to drive 7 Be destruction but not strongly enough to form a bound state with 4 He of relative angular momentum L = 1. We suggest that 7 Li problem can be solved as a result of a new process beyond the standard model through which the observable signature was left on the primordial Li abundance.

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Effect of long-lived strongly interacting relic particles on big bang nucleosynthesis

Cited by 42 publications

References 87 publications

New results on catalyzed big bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived negatively charged massive particle

New results on catalyzed big bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived negatively charged massive particle

Big Bang nucleosynthesis with long-lived strongly interacting relic particles

Effect of exotic long-lived sub-strongly interacting massive particles in big bang nucleosynthesis and a new solution to the Li problem

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