Effect of long-term application of treated sewage water on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in Northern India

Ghosh, Amlan; Bhatt, Megha; Agrawal, H. P.

doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2018-6

Cited by 143 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When the concentrations of Ni in Lactuca sativa grown at wastewater -irrigated sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Aschale et al 2015) were compared with the values recorded in the present study, the values of the previous study were 2-4 fold lower. Similar lower results were obtained in Accra (Lente et al 2012) and Varanasi, India (Ghosh et al 2012).…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Vegetablessupporting

confidence: 84%

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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Background: Wastewater irrigation for vegetable production is a highly prevalent practice in Addis Ababa and a number of articles have been published on wastewater-irrigated soils and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, an insight into assessment of human health risks associated with the consumption of vegetable crops grown on wastewater-irrigated soils is non-existent in the city. Long-term effect of wastewater irrigation on the build-up of heavy metals in soils and selected vegetable crops in Addis Ababa urban vegetable farming sites (10) was evaluated. By calculating estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and target hazard quotients (THQs) of metals, health risk associated with the consumption of the analyzed vegetables was also evaluated. Results: The heavy metal concentrations in irrigation water and soils did not exceed the recommended maximum limits (RMLs). Moreover, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations in all analyzed vegetables were lower than the RML standards. In contrast, Pb concentrations were 1.4-3.9 times higher. Results of two way ANOVA test showed that variation in metals concentrations were significant (p < 0.001) across farming site, vegetable type and site x vegetable interaction. The EDI and THQ values showed that there would be no potential health risk to local inhabitants due to intake of individual metal if one or more of the analyzed vegetables are consumed. Furthermore, total target hazard quotients (TTHQs) for the combined metals due to all analyzed vegetables were lower than 1, suggesting no potential health risk even to highly exposed local inhabitants. Conclusions: There is a great respite that toxic metals like Pb and Cd have not posed potential health risk even after long term (more than 50 years) use of this water for irrigation. However, intermittent monitoring of the metals from irrigation water, in soil and crops may be required to follow/prevent their build-up in the food chain.

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Section: Heavy Metals In Vegetablessupporting

confidence: 84%

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…Many reports suggest that the continued ingestion of food contaminated with heavy metals can damage liver, nervous, cardiovascular, kidney and/or causing cancers (Jarup, 2003). Extensive evidence of health hazards due to intake of vegetables grown in sewage irrigated water has been reported (Avci, 2012;Ghosh et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012;Weldegebriel et al, 2012;Xue et al, 2012). Iqbal et al (2016) carried out a study in Pakistan to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in irrigation water, soil and vegetables, their transfer factors and human health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown with municipal wastewater in Lahore

Hamid

Mushtaq

Nazir

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Heavy metals contamination of fruits and vegetables as a consequence of wastewater irrigation is most important concern today. Present study measures heavy metals concentration (Cr, Cu and Pb) in soil and vegetable samples collected from agriculture area around four major drains of Lahore (Hudiara drain, BabuSabu drain, Chota Ravi drain and Kharak drain). Results show that concentration of Cu, Cr and Pb in soil samples were in compliance with WHO and EU standards, with an average of 2.221 + 1.184, 5.314 + 1.0511 and 3.864 + 1.6095 mg/kg respectively. Cu contentin vegetablesranged from 0.4-18.9 mg/Kg (average of 4.11 + 6.639 mg/kg), was within limits while Cr in Lady Finger, from Chota Ravi drain area, was 13.2 mg/Kg which is higher than permissible limit (2.4 mg/Kg). While Pb concentration in vegetables samples varied between 0.7 -8.1 mg/Kg (Mean 2.329 + 2.592 mg/kg), which was also higher than the standard (0.3 mg/Kg).Keywords: Heavy metals; Drains; Contamination; Soil; Vegetables Available online at www.banglajol.info Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 331-336, 2017331-336, Jimoh et al., 2012Nazemi, 2012;Perveen et al., 2012;Tasrina et al., 2015; Delbari and Kulkarni, 2013;Najam et al., 2015). Vegetables are an important constituent of diet. Comparison of vegetables, fruits and other grain crops shows that heavy metals are largely accumulated in the edible parts of vegetables (Mapanda et al., 2005). Vegetables absorb and store high quantity of these harmful metals and become source of health problems when ingested by humans and animals (Alam et al., 2003;Sobukola et al., 2010). Elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co and Pb in food stuff are basis of diseases such as bone cancer, high prevalence of upper intestinal cancer, reproductive effects, hypertension and renal failure (Turkdogan et al., 2003). Long term exposure with these toxic elements, even at insignificant levels, causes noxious effects for humans and other living beings. Being nonbiodegradable in nature, persistent in environment and potential bioaccumulation, these metals lead to severe hazards once these enter the bodies of living organisms (Shahid et al., 2015a). Many reports suggest that the continued ingestion of food contaminated with heavy metals can damage liver, nervous, cardiovascular, kidney and/or causing cancers (Jarup, 2003). Extensive evidence of health hazards due to intake of vegetables grown in sewage irrigated water has been reported (Avci, 2012;Ghosh et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2012;Weldegebriel et al., 2012;Xue et al., 2012). Iqbal et al. (2016) carried out a study in Pakistan to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in irrigation water, soil and vegetables, their transfer factors and human health risk. Similar study was conducted by Khan et al. (2013) to evaluate heavy metals in and around Lahore district and analysis revealed that metal concentration were higher when compared with WHO applicable limits. Similarly, Hamid et al. (2016) studied heavy metal contamination of vegetables and soil of Ruhidrain area and t...

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“…However, when present in excess, the elements may be toxic (Gunnar et al, 2005). Heavy metals can be very harmful to the human body even in low concentrations as there is no effective excretion mechanism (Ghosh et al, 2012) to reduce the effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of possible human exposure to metals concentration in vegetables

Amwele¹,

Motsei²,

Kalumbu³

et al. 2017

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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This study assesses the health risk of metals concentration in spinach and onions obtained from different suppliers (suppliers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) in Mafikeng, South Africa. The following elemental concentrations of As, Ba, Bi, Cu, Cr, Co, I, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, Rb, V and U were tested in spinach and onions using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result shows that Bi, I, Th, Pb and U were not detected in all t h e samples of spinach and onions. In spinach, the degree of decreasing abundance is as follows: Mn > Cr > Sr > V > Rb > As > Ba > Cu > Ni > Co, while in onions it is Sr > Mn > V > As > Cr > Cu > Ba > Rb > Ni > Co. The estimated daily intake of metal (DIM) for As and Cr in spinach from suppliers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were higher above the limit values of 0.020 and 0.033 mg/kg recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO), while, Ba, Cu, Co, Mn, Sr and V were below the limit values. The estimated DIM for As in onions was higher than 0.020 mg/kg recommended by FAO/WHO, while the intake for Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and V were below 0.033, 2-3, 2-5, 01 and 10 mg/kg recommendations by FAO/WHO, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) value in spinach obtained from suppliers 1, 2, 3 and 4 were less than 1, while, the THQ value for Cr is 2.19 greater than 1 in spinach obtained from supplier 5. The THQ value was less than 1 in onions obtained from a l l t h e suppliers. Spinach were not suitable for human consumption due to estimated DIM for As and Cr that were higher than the recommendation of FAO/ WHO and THQ value of Cr that was greater than 1.

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Effect of long-term application of treated sewage water on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in Northern India

Cited by 143 publications

References 29 publications

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown with municipal wastewater in Lahore

Investigation of possible human exposure to metals concentration in vegetables

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