Effect of Long-Term Swine Effluent Application on Selected Soil Properties

Abstract

Improving swine effluent management practices requires understanding of the fate of nutrients derived from swine effluent in soil quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term swine lagoon effluent application on nutrient distribution in an alkaline Okolona silty clay, an acidic Vaiden silty clay, and a Brooksville silty clay loam. Swine effluent has been applied using a center-pivot irrigation system at a total rate ranging from 10 to 15 cm ha j1 of effluent per year since 1990. In October 2005, soil samples were taken from the irrigated and nonirrigated sites at the following depths: 0 to 5, 5 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm. Soils were air-dried, ground to pass 2-mm sieve, and analyzed for selected chemical properties. Sorption isotherms were also performed on the soil samples to determine P sorption capacity and strength. Long-term application of swine effluent resulted in a decrease in soil pH and an increase in soil electrical conductivity in all three soils. Total soil C and microbial biomass C increased in irrigated sites for all soils. Soil ammonium, nitrate, acid-extractable P, water-soluble P, and Zn concentrations were elevated at the 0-to 5-cm and 5-to 15-cm depths, and their values were extremely lower in the alkaline Okolona soil than in the Brooksville and Vaiden soils. No clear effect was observed for P sorption strength and capacity. Low N and P accumulation in alkaline Okolona soil may prolong the capacity of this soil in receiving swine effluent particularly if threshold water-soluble P and soil test P levels are used as part of swine effluent management program. (Soil Science 2008;173:223-235)

Available content, surface runoff and leaching of phosphorus forms in a typic hapludalf treated with organic and mineral nutrient sources

“…and 3.0, 0.15 and 2.6 % of the total applied through NPK, respectively. These low values of P transferred via surface runoff in the different nutrient sources are similar to the results obtained by Bertol et al (2010), who observed P transfer via surface runoff of less than 15 % of the total applied and suggested that the P remains accumulated in the soil surface layer, as verified in the present study (Table 2) and in other studies (Adeli et al, 2008;Scherer et al, 2010;Ceretta et al, 2010a;Guardini et al, 2012a). Nevertheless, after successive manure applications, there is a tendency for saturation of adsorption sites of the reactive particles of the soil.…”

“…Considering the two crops, the transfer in the runoff solution was on average 49 % of the total rainfall volume in the treatment without nutrient application and 31, 25, 31 and 21 % of the total rainfall volume in the treatments with application of PS, PL, CS and NPK, respectively. This probably occurred because of the greater addition of organic matter in the treatments that received nutrient applications, be it through the concentration of dry matter in the residues added or through the greater production of dry matter of crop residues on the soil Adeli et al, 2008;Giacomini & Aita, 2008), which leads to an increase in the organic carbon contents in the soil (Lourenzi et al, 2011) and, consequently, improves the capacity of water infiltration in the profile, reducing the transfer of solution via surface runoff (Ceretta et al, 2010b).…”

“…This index refers to the total quantity of nutrients contained in the manure which may be transformed from the organic to the mineral form during the period of crop development (CQFS-RS/SC, 2004). However, frequent manure applications in the same area, especially on soils under no-tillage, may lead to accumulation of nutrients, including P, in surface soil layers (Ceretta et al, 2003;Adeli et al, 2008;Scherer et al, 2010;Guardini et al, 2012a,b;Lourenzi et al, 2013). That is because the P applied on the soil, derived from manure or mineral fertilization, may be adsorbed with high binding energy to the functional groups in the mineral fraction of the topsoil.…”

Atributos químicos de Latossolo após sucessivas aplicações de composto orgânico de dejeto líquido de suínos

“…A maioria dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura abordam os efeitos do uso de dejetos de suínos in natura, sem nenhum tipo de processamento, sobre os atributos químicos do solo (Adeli et al, 2008;Scherer et al, 2010;Brunetto et al, 2012). Portanto, é importante avaliar os efeitos do uso de composto orgânico produzido com dejetos de suínos sobre os atributos químicos do solo, uma vez que as características desses resíduos são diferentes das dos dejetos líquidos, sobretudo quanto à carga orgânica e à forma como os nutrientes são aplicados ao solo.…”

Changes in soil acidity and organic carbon in a sandy typic hapludalf after medium-term pig-slurry and deep-litter application

“…Therefore a small soil contact area is expected, with a consequent delay in the microbial biomass activity, which may stimulate total organic carbon (TOC) accumulation (Ceretta et al, 2003;Adeli et al, 2008;Lourenzi et al, 2011), particularly in the surface layers. However, increases in TOC contents are mainly associated to the manure composition, application frequency and amount (Falleiro et al, 2003;Lourenzi et al, 2011).…”