Effect of low doses of cannabidiolic acid and ondansetron on <scp>LiCl</scp>‐induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea‐induced behaviour) in rats

Rock, Erin M.; Parker, Lucy Anne

doi:10.1111/bph.12162

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Of these 5 high CBD tot samples identified, 4 were seized from rural locations and 1 seized from an urban location. CBD-A is also gathering attention for its therapeutic potential, with evidence of anti-emetic [39] and anti-cancer properties [40]. Samples obtained from rural seizures contained higher levels of virtually all measured cannabinoids including trace phytocannabinoids, but most noticeably THC, THC-A and THC tot .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cannabis Seizures in NSW, Australia: Cannabis Potency and Cannabinoid Profile

et al. 2013

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Recent analysis of the cannabinoid content of cannabis plants suggests a shift towards use of high potency plant material with high levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and low levels of other phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD). Use of this type of cannabis is thought by some to predispose to greater adverse outcomes on mental health and fewer therapeutic benefits. Australia has one of the highest per capita rates of cannabis use in the world yet there has been no previous systematic analysis of the cannabis being used. In the present study we examined the cannabinoid content of 206 cannabis samples that had been confiscated by police from recreational users holding 15 g of cannabis or less, under the New South Wales “Cannabis Cautioning” scheme. A further 26 “Known Provenance” samples were analysed that had been seized by police from larger indoor or outdoor cultivation sites rather than from street level users. An HPLC method was used to determine the content of 9 cannabinoids: THC, CBD, cannabigerol (CBG), and their plant-based carboxylic acid precursors THC-A, CBD-A and CBG-A, as well as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THC-V). The “Cannabis Cautioning” samples showed high mean THC content (THC+THC-A = 14.88%) and low mean CBD content (CBD+CBD-A = 0.14%). A modest level of CBG was detected (CBG+CBG-A = 1.18%) and very low levels of CBC, CBN and THC-V (<0.1%). “Known Provenance” samples showed no significant differences in THC content between those seized from indoor versus outdoor cultivation sites. The present analysis echoes trends reported in other countries towards the use of high potency cannabis with very low CBD content. The implications for public health outcomes and harm reduction strategies are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cannabis Seizures in NSW, Australia: Cannabis Potency and Cannabinoid Profile

et al. 2013

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“…The specific use of the acidic cannabinoid as an active pharmaceutical ingredient has not yet been achieved because CBDA is recognized as the pharmacologically inactive form (Yamauchi et al, 1967;Razdan, 1986;Burstein, 1999). However, recent studies including ours demonstrated that, in addition to CBD, CBDA by itself exhibits biological actions, such as antibacterial effects (Appendino et al, 2008), the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Takeda et al, 2008), and anti-nausea/emetic effects (Bolognini et al, 2013;Rock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by cannabidiolic acid in human breast cancer cells

et al. 2014

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-Metastases are known to be responsible for approximately 90% of breast cancer-related deaths. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved not only in inflammatory processes, but also in the metastasis of cancer cells; it is expressed in 40% of human invasive breast cancers. To comprehensively analyze the effects of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), a selective COX-2 inhibitor found in the fiber-type cannabis plant (Takeda et al., 2008), on COX-2 expression and the genes involved in metastasis, we performed a DNA microarray analysis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, which are invasive breast cancer cells that express high levels of COX-2, treated with CBDA for 48 hr at 25 μM. The results obtained revealed that COX-2 and Id-1, a positive regulator of breast cancer metastasis, were down-regulated (0.19-fold and 0.52-fold, respectively), while SHARP1 (or BHLHE41), a suppressor of breast cancer metastasis, was up-regulated (1.72-fold) and CHIP (or STUB1) was unaffected (1.03-fold). These changes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analyses. Taken together, the results obtained here demonstrated that i) CBDA had dual inhibitory effects on COX-2 through down-regulation and enzyme inhibition, and ii) CBDA may possess the ability to suppress genes that are positively involved in the metastasis of cancer cells in vitro.

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“…CBDA also increased the ability of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, to potently stimulate [ 35 S]GTPγS binding to rat brainstem membrane, again without activating CB 1 receptors in vitro or in vivo . More recently, CBDA has been shown to reduce acute nausea at a dose as low as 0.5 μg/kg (Rock and Parker, 2013a). As well, a subthreshold dose of CBDA (0.1 μg/kg, i.p.)…”

Section: Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Regulation Of Nausea In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system

Sharkey

Darmani

Parker

2014

European Journal of Pharmacology

172

136

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Nausea and vomiting (emesis) are important elements in defensive or protective responses that animals use to avoid ingestion or digestion of potentially harmful substances. However, these neurally-mediated responses are at times manifested as symptoms of disease and they are frequently observed as side-effects of a variety of medications, notably those used to treat cancer. Cannabis has long been known to limit or prevent nausea and vomiting from a variety of causes. This has led to extensive investigations that have revealed an important role for cannabinoids and their receptors in the regulation of nausea and emesis. With the discovery of the endocannabinoid system, novel ways to regulate both nausea and vomiting have been discovered that involve the production of endogenous cannabinoids acting centrally. Here we review recent progress in understanding the regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, and we discuss the potential to utilize the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of these frequently debilitating conditions.

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Effect of low doses of cannabidiolic acid and ondansetron on LiCl‐induced conditioned gaping (a model of nausea‐induced behaviour) in rats

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Analysis of Cannabis Seizures in NSW, Australia: Cannabis Potency and Cannabinoid Profile

Analysis of Cannabis Seizures in NSW, Australia: Cannabis Potency and Cannabinoid Profile

Down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by cannabidiolic acid in human breast cancer cells

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system

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