Effect of low pass filtering on joint moments from inverse dynamics: Implications for injury prevention

Kristianslund, Eirik; Krosshaug, Tron; Bogert, Antonie J. van den

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.12.011

Cited by 405 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…If the kinetic data are filtered at a higher cut-off frequency than the kinematic data, and the cut-off frequency applied to the kinematic data is lower than the highest frequencies found in the true kinematic signal, then excessive fluctuations in the RJM will be produced around impact. Whilst previous studies have identified similar phenomena in landings and cutting manoeuvres 12,13 , these have only been investigated using one or two widely mismatched cut-off frequencies. The data presented in the current study extend these findings to the analysis of gait, whilst further highlighting that even relatively small mismatches between the cut-off frequencies applied to the kinetic and kinematic data affect the calculated RJM at the knee joint, and that these effects are not necessarily dependent on the absolute values of the cut-off frequencies that are chosen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that during activities with high impact forces, filtering the kinetic and kinematic input data using different cut-off frequencies could lead to the computation of artificial peaks in the determined RJMs [11][12][13] . It is thus possible that previously observed excessive fluctuations in the knee RJM during early stance in sprinting are influenced by the digital filtering procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excessive fluctuations in knee joint moments during early stance in sprinting are caused by digital filtering procedures

2013

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Abstract:Inverse dynamics analyses are commonly used to understand movement patterns in all forms of gait. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digital filtering procedures on the knee joint moments calculated during sprinting as an example of the possible influence of data analysis processes on interpretation of movement patterns. Data were obtained from three highly trained sprinters who completed a series of 30 m sprints.Ten different combinations of cut-off frequency were applied to the two-dimensional kinematic and kinetic input data with the kinetic cut-off frequency set equal to or higher than the kinematic cut-off frequency. When using the commonly adopted practice of filtering the kinetic data with a higher cut-off frequency than the kinematic data, exaggerated fluctuations in the knee joint moment existed soon after contact. In extreme cases, the knee moved between flexor, extensor and flexor dominance in less than 33 ms and through ranges exceeding 500 Nm. During an inverse dynamics analysis of locomotion, mismatched cut-off frequencies will likely affect the calculated joint moments if the cut-off frequency applied to the kinematic data is less than the true frequency content, particularly during impact phases. In the example of sprinting, exaggerated fluctuations in the knee joint moment appear to be data processing artefact rather than genuine characteristics of the joint kinetics. When the cut-off frequencies, and thus the frequency content of all input data, are matched, the fluctuations after contact are minimal, and such a procedure is suggested for inverse dynamics analyses of gait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive fluctuations in knee joint moments during early stance in sprinting are caused by digital filtering procedures

2013

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“…Thirty-seven reflective markers were attached over anatomical landmarks on the legs, arms and torso [18]. One experienced physiotherapist, with several years practice for marker placement, was employed for skin marker placement in both sessions.…”

Section: Design and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of knee biomechanics during a vertical drop jump in elite female athletes

2016

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This file was downloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Mok, K.-M., Petushek, E., Krosshaug, T. (2016 tron.krosshaug@nih.no Conflict of Interest:The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Author's contribution:All authors have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. Acknowledgements:The Abstract (250 words)The purpose of the study was to assess the within-session and between-session reliability of knee kinematics and kinetics in a vertical drop jump task among elite female handball and football athletes. Specifically, we aimed to quantify the within-session waveform consistency and betweensession consistency of the subject ranking for a variety of knee kinematics and kinetics.Forty-one elite female handball and football (soccer) athletes were tested in two sessions. The reliability of three-dimensional knee biomechanical measurements was quantified by the intraclass correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and typical error. All the selected discrete variables achieved excellent within-session reliability (ICC > 0.87). The typical error of valgus angles, internal rotation angles, and internal rotation moment was constant throughout the whole stance phase. For between-session reliability, the selected discrete variables achieved good to excellent reliability (ICC > 0.69), except peak internal rotation moment (ICC = 0.40). All between-session rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.90. Most of the discrete variables achieved good to excellent reliability in both within-session and between-session analysis. Moreover, moderate to strong between-session consistency of subject rankings was found, implying that the measurements assessed during the vertical drop jump demonstrate sufficient reliability to be used in both single-session and multiple-session studies.2

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“…DVJ, side cutting, hopping, single leg landings. Whilst samples may be difficult to standardize given that most recruitment is governed by convenience, the choice of task and biomechanical methods, which can significantly affect the KAA and KAM [69,[72][73][74][75], could be standardized. The DVJ task is frequently chosen as it replicates the task from the prospective evidence [28].…”

Section: Extrapolation and Standardizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping current research trends on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk against the existing evidence: In vivo biomechanical risk factors

Sharir

Rafeeuddin

Staes

et al. 2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Whilst many studies measure large numbers of biomechanical parameters and associate these to anterior cruciate ligament injury risk, they cannot be considered as anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors without evidence from prospective studies. A review was conducted to systematically assess the in vivo biomechanical literature to identify biomechanical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury during dynamic sports tasks; and to critically evaluate the research trends from retrospective and associative studies investigating non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Methods: An electronic literature search was undertaken on studies examining in vivo biomechanical risk factors associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. The relevant studies were assessed by classification; level 1 -a prospective cohort study, level 2 -a retrospective study or level 3 -an associative study. Findings: An initial search revealed 812 studies but this was reduced to 1 level 1 evidence study, 20 level 2 evidence studies and 175 level 3 evidence studies that met all inclusion criteria. Level 1 evidence showed that the knee abduction angle, knee abduction moment and ground reaction force were biomechanical risk factors. Nine level 2 studies and eightythree level 3 studies used these to assess risk factors in their study. Inconsistencies in results and methods were observed in level 2 and 3 studies. Interpretation: There is a lack of high quality, prospective level 1 evidence related to biomechanical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. More prospective cohort studies are required to determine risk factors and provide improved prognostic capability.

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Effect of low pass filtering on joint moments from inverse dynamics: Implications for injury prevention

Cited by 405 publications

References 22 publications

Excessive fluctuations in knee joint moments during early stance in sprinting are caused by digital filtering procedures

Excessive fluctuations in knee joint moments during early stance in sprinting are caused by digital filtering procedures

Reliability of knee biomechanics during a vertical drop jump in elite female athletes

Mapping current research trends on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk against the existing evidence: In vivo biomechanical risk factors

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