Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Brurok, Berit; Tørhaug, Tom; Karlsen, Trine; Leivseth, Gunnar; Helgerud, Jan; Hoff, Jan

doi:10.2340/16501977-1098

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, arms-only exercise in SCI can be limited by the inability to vasconstrict in the nonactive legs (31), whereas hybrid FES exercise obviates the need for this vasoconstriction (30). The normally ‘wasted’ blood flow to the legs serves a purpose to allow for increased oxygen consumption (6,7,29). In fact, regular FES training can result in a reduction in the normally strong inverse relationship between injury level and peak aerobic capacity (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation Limits Aerobic Capacity after Functional Electrical Stimulation Row Training in High Spinal Cord Injury

Qiu

Alzhab

Picard

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose In the able-bodied, exercise training results in increased ventilatory capacity to meet increased aerobic demands of trained skeletal muscle. However, after spinal cord injury (SCI), peak ventilation can be limited by pulmonary muscle denervation. In fact, peak ventilation may restrict aerobic capacity in direct relation to injury level. Hybrid functional electrical stimulation (FES) exercise training results in increased aerobic capacity and dissociation between aerobic capacity and injury level in those with injuries at T3 and below. However, injuries above T3 have the greatest pulmonary denervation and ventilatory capacity may restrict the increase in aerobic capacity with hybrid FES training. Methods We assessed relationships among injury level, peak ventilation, and peak aerobic capacity and calculated oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) during hybrid FES exercise in twelve individuals (one female) with SCI at level T2 to C4 (injury duration: 0.33 to 33 yrs, age: 20 to 60 yrs), before and after 6 months of FES row training (FES-RT). Results Training increased peak aerobic capacity by 12% (P=0.02) with only a modest increase in peak ventilation (7 of 12 subjects, P=0.09). Both before and after training, injury level was directly related to peak ventilation (R2=0.48 and 0.43) and peak aerobic capacity (R2=0.70 and 0.55). Before training, the relationship of peak aerobic capacity to peak ventilation was strong (R2=0.62), however, after training, this relation became almost completely linearized (R2=0.84). In addition, OUES increased by 11% (P<0.05) after FES-RT. Conclusion Despite the ability to increase exercise capacity via hybrid FES exercise, the inability to increase peak ventilation beyond limits set by SCI level in those with high level injuries (above T3) appears to restrict aerobic capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation Limits Aerobic Capacity after Functional Electrical Stimulation Row Training in High Spinal Cord Injury

Qiu

Alzhab

Picard

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…We suggest that rapid recovery of the muscle strength in the injured ankle to the level of intact limb in the first year after treatment is not only the result of cross impact exercises for the muscles of intact limb [15], but is also due to development of post injury muscle hypertrophy. Hypertrophy develops under the influence of a lower muscle sensitivity threshold to the somatic vegetative signals during functional loading of the recovering limb [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Restoration of the contractile capacity of the tibial muscles after closed malleolar fractures

Schurov¹,

Khubaev²,

Mitina³

et al. 2015

Hum Physiol

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According to published reports, an incomplete restoration of the muscular strength is observed after malleolar fractures. This made us evaluate the contractile capacity of the tibial muscles after treatment of 59 adult patients with malleolar fractures using Ilizarov's method. In addition, five patients underwent comprehensive follow up examinations long after fracture treatment. We found that a practically complete restoration of the anatomical size, electrogenesis, and contractile property of the tibial muscles was possible in the interval from five to eight years after treatment. This can be explained by a precise repositioning and reliable fixation of the bone fragments during treatment and an increase in the sensitivity of the neuro motor responses to specific impacts during muscle adaptation to function under conditions of habitual motor activity.

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“…Given that some individuals with incomplete SCI may retain the capacity to voluntarily activate muscles in the lower limbs, we anticipated greater muscle activation with the arm-leg exercise equipment than with arm-only (which would translate into increased VO 2 ). Whereas previous work has shown greater metabolic demand for hybrid versus arms-or legs-only exercise in this population, [8][9][10]17 all of these studies have utilised FES. Therefore, it appears that in order for there to be any significant metabolic advantage to hybrid exercise, the equipment must involve electrical stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several studies that have attempted to compare exercise modes using these variables; the majority have utilised functional electrical stimulated (FES) exercise and have reported greater oxygen requirements for hybrid FES rowing compared with arm-only rowing 8 and for FES hybrid cycling versus arm cycling. 9 Further, a study by Hasnan et al 10 revealed that both arm-only exercise and hybrid FES arm-leg exercise elicited a higher VO 2 and HR response compared with FES leg exercise alone. Accordingly, electrically stimulating paralysed muscle may provide some metabolic advantage during exercise, although this equipment is relatively expensive and resource intensive compared with basic aerobic and resistance equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exercise equipment preferences among adults with spinal cord injury

et al. 2014

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Study design: Cross-sectional. Objectives: To evaluate exercise equipment preferences and compare cardiometabolic demand for passive hybrid and arm-only exercise among adults with paraplegia (PP) and those with tetraplegia (TP). Setting: Four community exercise programmes. Methods: Thirty-six adults (mean age: 41.1 ± 12.1 years) with chronic (11.4 ± 10.7 years post injury) TP (C3-C8; n ¼ 17) or PP (T3-T12; n ¼ 19) were recruited. Participants completed 20 min of submaximal aerobic exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity on four types of aerobic exercise equipment: arm cycle ergometer (ACE), arm glider (AG), arm-leg recumbent stepper (ALRS), and armleg cycle ergometer (ALCE). Participants also completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of resistance exercise using wall pulleys (WP) and weight stack (WS) equipment. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate equipment preference. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) were measured in a subset of participants (n ¼ 9) during submaximal aerobic exercise. Results: Arm-only exercise modes were perceived as being safer than passive hybrid exercise modes. There were no differences in perceived enjoyment between equipment types and groups. There were significant group but not equipment differences in HR (TP: 101.4 bpm; PP: 124.9 bpm) and VO 2 (TP: 6.5 ml kg À1 min À1 ; PP: 10.5 mL kg À1 min À1 ) during submaximal aerobic exercise. Conclusion: In this cross-community assessment of exercise equipment preferences after spinal cord injury (SCI), arm-only exercise modes were perceived as safer than hybrid exercise modes and there were no differences between equipment types in physiological responses.

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Effect of lower extremity functional electrical stimulation pulsed isometric contractions on arm cycling peak oxygen uptake in spinal cord injured individuals

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Ventilation Limits Aerobic Capacity after Functional Electrical Stimulation Row Training in High Spinal Cord Injury

Ventilation Limits Aerobic Capacity after Functional Electrical Stimulation Row Training in High Spinal Cord Injury

Restoration of the contractile capacity of the tibial muscles after closed malleolar fractures

Exercise equipment preferences among adults with spinal cord injury

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