Effect of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), PGE2, 8-EPI-PGE1, 8-EPI-PGE2, Trichosanthin, and Pregnancy Specific Protein B (PSPB) on Secretion of Progesterone In Vitro by Corpora Lutea (CL) from Nonpregnant and Pregnant Cows

Weems, Y.S.; Lammoglia-Villagómez, Miguel Ángel; Ávila, Héctor Raymundo Vera; Randel, R.D.; King, Chris; Sasser, R.G.; Weems, C.W.

doi:10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00003-3

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the function of PAG remains unknown. Hypotheses concerning the modulation of immune activity (Dosogne et al 1999(Dosogne et al , 2000 and the maintenance of pregnancy (Weems et al 1998, 2001, Bridges et al 1999, Thompson et al 2012 have been investigated to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Touzard¹,

Reinaud²,

Dubois³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) constitute a multigenic family of aspartic proteinases expressed in the trophoblast of the ruminant placenta. In Bos taurus, this family comprises 21 members segregated into ancient and modern phylogenetic groups. Ancient PAGs have been reported to be synthesized throughout the trophoblastic cell layer whereas modern PAGs are produced by binucleate cells of cotyledons. The aim of this study was to investigate modern and ancient PAGs during gestation in cotyledonary and intercotyledonary tissues. To obtain convincing and innovative results despite the high sequence identity shared between PAGs, we designed specific tools such as amplification primers and antibodies. Using real-time RT-PCR, we described the transcript expression of 16 bovine PAGs. Overall, PAGs are characterized by an increase in their expression during gestation. However, we demonstrated a segregation of modern PAGs in cotyledons and of ancient PAGs in the intercotyledonary chorion, except for the ancient PAG2 expressed in cotyledons. By raising specific antibodies against the modern PAG1 and ancient PAG11 and PAG2, we established the expression kinetics of the proteins using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that PAGs were produced by specific cellular populations: PAG1 by binucleate cells in the whole trophoblastic layer, PAG11 was localized in binucleate cells of the intercotyledonary trophoblast and the chorionic plate of the cotyledon, while PAG2 was produced in mononucleate cells of the internal villi of the cotyledon. These results revealed a highly specific regulation of PAG expression and cell localization as a function of their phylogenetic status, suggesting distinct biological functions within placental tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Touzard¹,

Reinaud²,

Dubois³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

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“…PGF2a is well recognized as the main luteolytic agent in ruminants, whereas PGE2 (PGE2) has luteotropic and luteoprotective properties (Reynold et al 1981, Weems et al 1998. Although both PGE2 and PGF2a are secreted by bovine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle , Murakami et al 2001, the relative proportion of PGE2 and PGF2a secretion is thought to be more important than the absolute amounts of each PG to exert their own physiological effects on the female reproductive function (Murakami et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by interleukin-1 in cultured bovine endometrial cells

Tanikawa¹,

Lee²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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Interleukin-1 (IL1) has been shown to be a potent stimulator of prostaglandin (PG) production in bovine endometrium. The aim of the present study was to determine the cell types in the endometrium (epithelial or stromal cells) responsible for the secretion of PGE2 and PGF2a in response to IL1A, and the intracellular mechanisms of IL1A action. Cultured bovine epithelial and stromal cells were exposed to IL1A or IL1B (0 . 006-3 . 0 nM) for 24 h. IL1A and IL1B dose-dependently stimulated PGE2 and PGF2a production in the stromal cells, but not in the epithelial cells. The stimulatory effect of IL1A (0 . 06-3 . 0 nM) on PG production was greater than that of IL1B.The stimulatory actions of IL1A on PG production was augmented by supplementing arachidonic acid (AA). When the stromal cells were incubated with IL1A and inhibitors of phospholipase (PL) C or PLA2 (1 mM; anthranilic acid), only PLA2 inhibitor completely stopped the stimulatory action of IL1A on PG production. Moreover, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor blocked the stimulatory effect of IL1A on PG production. IL1A (0 . 06 nM) promoted COX2 and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (PGES1) gene and its protein expression. The expression of COX1, PGES2, PGES3, and PGF synthase (PGFS) mRNA was not affected by IL1A in the stromal cells. The overall results indicate that 1) the target of IL1A and IL1B for stimulating both PGE2 and PGF2a production is the stromal cells, 2) IL1A is a far more potent stimulator than IL1B on PG production in stromal cells, 3) the stimulatory effect of IL1A on PG production is mediated via the activation of PLA2 and COX2, and (4) IL1A induced PG production by increasing expressions of COX2 and PGES1 mRNAs and their proteins in bovine stromal cells.

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“…The PAG-1 protein has been implicated as both a luteotrophin and as an immunomodulator during pregnancy in ruminants (Del Vecchio et al, 1995a;Weems et al, 1998b;Hoeben et al, 2000). It remains unknown if these disparate functional roles are due to the ability of PAG-1 to act in many ways (i.e., it is a multi-functional protein) or, if the protein preparations used in those studies consisted of multiple PAGs, each with distinct functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When administered to cultured bovine luteal cells, PAG-1/PSPB promoted release of the luteotrophic compound, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) (Del Vecchio et al, 1995a andWeems et al, 1998a) and an increase in progesterone (Del Vecchio et al, 1996;Weems et al, 1998b). However, other studies reported no increase in progesterone (Del Vecchio et al, 1995a and1995b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmunization of ewes against pregnancy-associated glycoproteins does not interfere with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

Egen

Ealy²,

Landon³

et al. 2009

Animal

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Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are a large grouping of placental proteins that belong to the aspartic peptidase gene family. Although useful to detect pregnancy in ruminant species, the function of these molecules is unclear. Several PAGs expressed by trophoblast binucleate cells can enter the maternal circulation, suggesting that they could have a systemic role in altering maternal physiology. The objective of this work was to examine whether these circulating placental antigens were important in pregnancy by actively immunizing ewes against them. PAGs were purified by pepstatin-affinity chromatography and conjugated to the immunogenic protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Ewes were immunized with PAG-KLH conjugate (n 5 22) or with KLH alone (n 5 9), and bred to intact rams. Blood samples, collected on Day 0 (day of estrus), Day 10, Days 15 to 25 and weekly throughout pregnancy, were analyzed for PAG by an ELISA. On Day 30, pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound. Ewes immunized against PAG-KLH produced a range of reactive anti-PAG titers, whereas all immunized ewes had high anti-KLH immunoreactivity. PAGs became detectable in the anti-KLH (control) ewes at Day 21.6 6 2.2 of pregnancy. Those ewes immunized against PAGs (n 5 7), that had very low immunoreactivity toward PAGs, had measurable PAG by Day 22.9 6 1.3, and their PAG serum profiles throughout pregnancy did not differ from the controls. Those exhibiting moderate to high anti-PAG immunoreactivity (n 5 15), had significantly lower PAG concentrations than controls, with antigen not becoming detectable until Day 48.1 6 15.6. The decrease in circulating PAG in the immunized animals did not correlate with changes in pregnancy rates, lamb number or lamb birth weight. These results suggest that while PAGs may play a role in maintaining pregnancy, their major contribution is likely to be at the fetal-maternal interface. Their actions at extra-placental sites are presumably of more secondary importance.

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Effect of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), PGE2, 8-EPI-PGE1, 8-EPI-PGE2, Trichosanthin, and Pregnancy Specific Protein B (PSPB) on Secretion of Progesterone In Vitro by Corpora Lutea (CL) from Nonpregnant and Pregnant Cows

Cited by 57 publications

References 43 publications

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by interleukin-1 in cultured bovine endometrial cells

Autoimmunization of ewes against pregnancy-associated glycoproteins does not interfere with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy

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