Effect of magnesium sulfate nebulization on the incidence of postoperative sore throat

Abstract

Background and Aims:Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a well-recognized complication after general anesthesia (GA). Numerous nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The present study was conducted to compare the efficiency of preoperative nebulization of normal saline and magnesium sulfate in reducing the incidence of POST following GA.Materials and Methods:Following institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, a prospective randomized double-blinded study was conducted in 100 cases divided into two equal groups. Patients included in the study were of either gender belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) status 1 or 2 undergoing elective surgery of approximately 2 h or more duration requiring tracheal intubation. Patients in Group A are nebulized with 3 ml of normal saline and the patients in Group B are nebulized with 3 ml of 225 mg isotonic nebulized magnesium sulfate for 15 min, 5 min before induction of anesthesia. The incidence of POST at rest and on swallowing and any undue complaints at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h in the postoperative period are evaluated.Results:There is no significant difference in POST at rest during 0th, 2nd and 4th h between normal saline and MgSO4. Significant difference is seen at 24th h, where MgSO4 lessens POST. There is no significant difference in POST on swallowing during 0th and 2nd h between normal saline and MgSO4. Significant difference is seen at 4th h, where MgSO4 has been shown to lessen POST.Conclusions:MgSO4 significantly reduces the incidence of POST compared to normal saline.

The Effect of preoperative nebulized: Magnesium sulfate versus lidocaine on the prevention of post-intubation sore throat

“…These findings were in correlations with the present study. Yadav et al and Blitz et al [1,14] reported no significant systemic effects of nebulized magnesium sulfate and explain that due to very low dose they used, in the form of nebulization and systemic absorption of which is 10% compared to the doses used in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and this was in agreement with the current study as the same dose was investigated.…”

“…Modern anesthesia is multifaceted, secure, and requisite to the patient; therefore, the anesthesiologists doing their efforts, and research to minimize the occurrence, and severity of anesthesia-related complications such as POST [1]. Many pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological methods have been used to decrease (POST).…”

“…One of the most common complications after endotracheal intubation is sore throat. It represents 18-65% of all postoperative endotracheal intubation complications, which usually lasts 12-24 h after surgery [1,2]. Magnesium sulfate is an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors antagonist with local analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.…”

Inhalation of ketamine in different doses to decrease the severity of postoperative sore throat in surgeries under general anesthesia patients

“…Among the pharmacological methods, nonsteroid drugs are also used in different preparations through different routes, such as gargling with azulene sulfonate,[ 10 ] ketamine,[ 11 ] licorice, and inhalation with magnesium sulfate. [ 12 ] All these methods reduce severity of POST.…”

A Comparative Study of Three Nebulized Medications for the Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat in the Pediatric Population

“…Subsequently, ketamine gargle [16] and ketamine nebulizer [17] were investigated in reducing the incidence and intensity of Sore Throat (ST). Also, magnesium has also been used in the form of nebulization to prevent ST. Nebulization could be considered better than gargle for the following reasons: nebulization is an easy way to administer the drug, a smaller volume of drug is required, the patient is spared the pungent taste of gargled medications, better patient cooperation is likely, and there is no risk from aspiration [18].…”