Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Tobacco BY-2 Cell Suspension Culture

Abstract

Nanomaterials are structures whose exceptionality is based on their large surface, which is closely connected with reactivity and modification possibilities. Due to these properties nanomaterials are used in textile industry (antibacterial textiles with silver nanoparticles), electronics (high-resolution imaging, logical circuits on the molecular level) and medicine. Medicine represents one of the most important fields of application of nanomaterials. They are investigated in connection with targeted therapy (infectious diseases, malignant diseases) or imaging (contrast agents). Nanomaterials including nanoparticles have a great application potential in the targeted transport of pharmaceuticals. However, there are some negative properties of nanoparticles, which must be carefully solved, as hydrophobic properties leading to instability in aqueous environment, and especially their possible toxicity. Data about toxicity of nanomaterials are still scarce. Due to this fact, in this work we focused on studying of the effect of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on tobacco BY-2 plant cell suspension culture. We aimed at examining the effect of NPs and MNPs on growth, proteosynthesis—total protein content, thiols—reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, phytochelatins PC2-5, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and antioxidant activity of BY-2 cells. Whereas the effect of NPs and MNPs on growth of cell suspension culture was only moderate, significant changes were detected in all other biochemical parameters. Significant changes in protein content, phytochelatins levels and GST activity were observed in BY-2 cells treated with MNPs nanoparticles treatment. Changes were also clearly evident in the case of application of NPs. Our results demonstrate the ability of MNPs to negatively affect metabolism and induce biosynthesis of protective compounds in a plant cell model represented by BY-2 cell suspension culture. The obtained results are discussed, especially in connection with already published data. Possible mechanisms of NPs’ and MNPs’ toxicity are introduced.

Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation by In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

“…Despite the great potential of iron nanoparticles to be used for different industrial and medical applications, data about their toxicity are still scarce [30]. Bearing in mind that in vitro tests represent a first step of biomedical application investigation [31], we have studied the toxicity of the obtained nanoparticles on HeLa cells.…”

Uptake, translocation and physiological effects of magnetic iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles in corn (Zea mays L.)

“…For example, carbon nanotubes, gold (Au) nano-rods and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs could enhance seed germination, root elongation as well as seedling growth (Khodakovskaya et al, 2009;Mondal et al, 2011;Servin et al, 2012;Wan et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2013). In contrast, other studies have reported that NPs, such as TiO 2 , cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), g-Fe 2 O 3 , could also cause damage in plants, including decreases in photosynthesis efficiency (Lei et al, 2007;Ze et al, 2011), chlorophyll degradation, total protein reduction (Krystofova et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013), as well as micro and macro-nutrient displacement Zhao et al, 2014a). Oxidative stresses caused by NPs could activate defense mechanisms to counteract nanotoxicity in plants ( Morales et al, 2013;Rico et al, 2013;Servin et al, 2013).…”

Magnetic fields: how is plant growth and development impacted?

“…lanatus) and changed also the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes. The effects of nanoparticles of magnetite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) 24 nm in size and modified nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 -NH 2 , Fe 2 O 3 -OH) were studied in a tobacco BY-2 cell suspension culture (Krystofova et al 2013), specifically the effect on the growth and biochemical parameters of cells. γ-Fe 2 O 3 had no effect on cell growth and viability, but modified nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 -NH 2 , Fe 2 O 3 -OH) decreased the growth of cells; applied at 1 ng/ml, cell viability was reduced by 62.5 and 75 %, respectively, and by 45 and 60 %, respectively, when applied at 100 ng/ml.…”