“…Each geomagnetic storm is a unique phenomenon with different characteristics. Therefore, taking into account the complexity and comprehensiveness of ionospheric manifestations of geomagnetic storms, a multiinstrumental approach is more and more widely used to study these phenomena [Afraimovich et al, 2002;Crowley et al, 2006;Balan et al, 2011;Astafyeva et al, , 2017. The application of a large set of different instruments (ground-based and satellite, radiophysical, optical, etc.)…”