Effect of manufacturing processes and multi‐walled carbon nanotube loading on mechanical and dynamic properties of glass fiber reinforced composites

Hybrid polymer composites (synthetic and/or natural fiber) are highly prominent in the fields of automotive, aerospace, construction, and marine. This work aims at developing a novel epoxy/glass/ramie (EGR) hybrid composite incorporated with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) using a vacuum bag technique, thus by changing the weight percentage of APP. The hybrid composites were characterized for the fire-retardant (vertical and horizontal burning test), mechanical (hardness, tensile, and flexural testing), wettability, porosity (ethanol infiltration), and vibrational properties. The flammability data show that the hybrid composites made of 10, 15, and 20 weight percentages of APP obtained V-1, V-0, and V-0 grades in the UL-94 vertical burning test. Furthermore, there is an enhancement in hardness properties, but it reduces the tensile and flexural strength. However, the integration of APP reduces the water absorption rate of the composite from 11% to 5%. This study found that APP-reinforced EGR hybrid composite improves fire resistance, thereby reducing the water absorption rate, which hikes the usage of the material for structural application.

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ammonium polyphosphate on fire‐retardant, mechanical, and vibrational analysis of epoxy/glass/ramie hybrid composite

Thiyagu

Narendrakumar

2022

“…This observation implies that the RF is more effective to enhance the modulus than strength of PLA. [38] Besides, the bonding strength of the composite interface needs to be reinforced because the main failure mode is fiber pulling out (Figure 6).…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/ramie fiber biocomposites

Hao

Chen

et al. 2022

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/natural fiber composites are considered as environmentally friendly materials and are becoming one of the research hotspots.Many research achievements of PLA and its composites prefer to focus on modification and the macro-properties of composites while there are few works on relationships between processing, structures, and properties. The ramie fiber (RF) reinforced PLA biological composites were prepared and PLA/RF injectionmolded samples were fabricated to investigate effects of RF percentage (0, 5 wt% RF, 10 wt% RF, 15 wt% RF, 20 wt% RF) on PLA crystallization, thermal and mechanical performance by experimental and numerical methods. Experimental and simulated results indicate that the RF serves as a kind of nucleation agent, accelerates the crystallization rate, shortens the half crystallization time of PLA. The degree of crystallinity is up to 16.2% when PLA is with 20 wt% RF. The half crystallization time of PLA with 5 wt% RF composite is reduced by up to 28%. Correspondingly, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA composites are also improved by the RF without sacrificing thermal stability.

“…Composites reinforced with natural fiber (NF) and synthetic fiber (SF) have seen significant growth since the 1960s in the manufacturing of railcars, aircraft, bicycles, window frames, fishing rods, marine applications, storage tanks, aerospace (propellers, tails, wings), automobiles, boat hulls, construction, interior paneling, wind turbine blades, musical instruments, sporting goods, baseball bats, and ice skate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] because of the extraordinary mechanical properties they possess. [8][9][10][11] NF is gaining more attention than SF due to being eco-friendly, lightweight, inexpensive, easily handled, biodegradable, high in specific properties, nonabrasive, highly filled, low in energy consumption, skin-friendly, carbon dioxide reducing, stiff and insulating, flexible and damping, low in density and available in a vast array of fiber categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and vibrational study of raw and surface‐treated ramie fiber hybridized carbon fiber epoxy composites

Samuel,

Issac Selvaraj

2023

Hybrid polymer composites' lightweight, biodegradability, damping, and cost‐effectiveness have made them popular in recent decades. This study evaluated the raw and alkali‐treated hybrid composite's free vibration studies and mechanical properties by changing the ramie fiber layers (core) from two to four and keeping the carbon fiber layers (top and bottom) constant. Thus, to enhance the mechanical properties, the ramie fiber was treated prior with 2, 3, and 4 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). These composites were characterized chemically, mechanically, morphologically, and vibrationally via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flexural and tensile tests, field emission scanning electron microscope, and free vibration setup, respectively. The tensile and flexural samples were loaded under quasistatic conditions and tested at 1 and 2 mm/min to evaluate tensile and flexural properties, respectively, and a free vibration test built the natural frequencies and reliable damping factor using clamped‐clamped and clamped‐free boundary conditions. Two layers of carbon fiber (exterior layer) and two layers of ramie fiber (core layer) at 3 wt% NaOH produced maximum tensile strength (523 MPa) and flexural modulus (68,869 MPa) among natural and hybrid composite combinations. This study shows that hybridization and alkaline treatment improve composite material mechanical properties in a specific ratio.Highlights Mechanical and vibration analysis of carbon/ramie hybrid composites was studied. Ramie fiber's surface treatment was carried out in NaOH at 2, 3, and 4 wt%. Surface treatment uplifts mechanical and vibration properties than untreated. Ramie fiber's chemical consequences were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope tests. Surface treatment at 3 wt% builds higher mechanical and vibrational properties.