Effect of maternal canine starvation on fetal and neonatal liver metabolism

Miettinen, E L

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.2.e88

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, the conditions under which fetal hepatic redox state were determined were probably similar for all three groups. The fetal hepatic metabolite concentrations and energy and redox states in our study are similar to values reported by others for the fetal rat (5,11) and dog (19) in which the rapid killing technique was used. This method of fetal sampling is preferable to using anesthesia that can cause maternal hypoventilation (4) and result in artifactual changes in fetal redox and energy states (20).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Fetuses of maternal rats fasted for 96 h who have limited glucose provision but normal gaseous exchange have decreased hepatic ATP/ADP and adenylate charge ratios but normal redox states (5). However, fasting the pregnant dog significantly increases fetal lactate, AC, and BOHB concentrations and diminishes both fetal hepatic adenylate charge ratio and redox state (19,24). Fetal rats rendered hypoxic and hypercarbic have both diminished hepatic energy and redox states (20), whereas graded hypoxia in the 2-d-old rat pup decreases hepatic adenylate charge ratio and mitochondrial and cytoplasmic redox states (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Altered Hepatic Energy and Redox States in the Fetal Rat

et al. 1990

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ABSTRACT. We determined the extent to which ligating both maternal uterine arteries affects fetal hepatic energy and redox states in the fetal rat. Bilateral maternal uterine artery ligation on d 18 of the rat's 21.5-d gestation significantly inhibits fetal growth; sham surgery limits growth to a lesser extent. Within 12 h of surgery and persisting to d 19, small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses had significantly diminished ATPIADP and adenylate charge ratios, whereas sham fetuses had values intermediate between SGA and normal. Hepatic mitochondrial redox state demonstrated similar changes. Cytosolic redox state in SGA fetuses at 12 and 24 h after surgery was significantly elevated. SGA fetuses had significantly diminished plasma insulin and elevated glucagon concentrations. On d 19 and 20, hepatic ATPIADP and cytosolic NAD+/NADH correlated directly for sham and normal but not SGA fetuses. Alterations in glucose, insulin, and glucagon availability and hypoxia were responsible for the changes in energy and redox states. They may also have disassociated hepatic cytosolic from mitochondrial redox states and altered the equilibrium between adenine and nicotinamide nucleotides. These altered cellular functions retarded fetal growth. Newborn SGA, sham, and normal rat pups had similar hepatic ATPIADP, cytosolic, and mitochondrial redox states at 10 and 240 min after delivery suggesting that the hypoglycemia which developed in SGA pups was not attributable to alterations in these variables. (Pediatr Res 27: 56-63,1990) Abbreviations AC, acetoacetate SGA, small-for-gestational age Intrauterine growth retardation is often ascribed to "uteroplacental insufficiency," a poorly defined clinical term suggesting compromised maternal-fetal relations (1). To determine the factors responsible for intrauterine growth retardation, we performed bilateral uterine artery ligation in the maternal rat. This technique, which can be considered an extreme example of "uteroplacental insufficiency," alters a number of physiologic variables including gaseous exchange and metabolic fuel availability. Alterations in these variables are known to affect fetal growth; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are not completely understood. Particularly unclear is the impact of these alterations on cellular metabolic processes. For these reasons we Our data indicate that bilateral maternal uterine artery ligation in the rat acutely decreases fetal hepatic ATP/ADP and mitochondrial NAD+/NADH relations but increases cytosolic NAD+/NADH. These changes and alterations in other physiologic variables contributed to development of fetal growth retardation. During the neonatal period, ATP/ADP, adenylate charge ratio, and redox states increase appropriately in SGA newborn rat pups. Alterations in these variables are not directly responsible for the hypoglycemia that develops in the SGA newborn rat. MATERIALS AND METHODSSurgery. We have reported the details of our surgical techniques (2). In brief, on d 18 of their 2 1.5-d gestation, we assigned timed...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Altered Hepatic Energy and Redox States in the Fetal Rat

et al. 1990

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“…F6P, fructose-6-phosphate G6P, glucose-6-phosphate MATERIALS AND METHODS P-creatine, phosphocreatine PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate Materials. Reagents and enzymes were analytical grade and Pyr, pyruvate purchased from commercial sources as reported in prior reports UDPG, uridinediphosphoglucose (26,29). Glucose (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) and galactose (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were free of detectable contamination from galactose or glucose, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood glucose concentrations may decline more rapidly a standard canine diet, and had their pups delivered at term by while alternate fuel provision may also be deficient as plasma free cesarean section as described previously. Pups were dried and kept fatty acid, glycerol or ketone body concentrations fail to rise warm in a heated, humidified incubator (26,29). Catheters were during neonatal fasting among mammals (9,12,13,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

1983

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Summaryduration than older rats (13,14). In other investigations amongIntrahepatic and intracerebral metabolic responses to neonatal fasting or enteric carbohydrate alimentation were investigated among newborn dogs. Pups were either fasted or given an intravenous glucose infusion (alimented) before an enteric feeding of physiologic quantities of either glucose or galactose. These pups were also compared to another group which was completely starved throughout the study period. Gastrointestinal carbohydrate feeding resulted in enhanced hepatic glycogen content among pups after a prior state of fasting. Though there were no differences of glycogen content between glucose or galactose feeding in this previously fasted group, combined intravenous glucose and enteric galactose administration produced the greatest effect on hepatic glycogen synthesis. Intrahepatic fructose 1, 6-diphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate levels were increased among previously fasted pups fed enteric monosaccharides compared to completely starved control pups, whereas intrahepatic phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate levels were elevated after combined intravenous and enteric carbohydrate administration. Of greater interest was the observation that hepatic levels of ATP were significantly elevated among all groups given exogenous carbohydrates compared to the completely starved control group. In contrast to the augmented hepatic glycogen and ATP levels, there were no alterations of cerebral glycogen or ATP after alirnentation. Nevertheless, cerebral pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations were elevated after enteric or combined intravenous and enteric alimentation compared to the totally starved control pups. newborn piglets, starvation was associated with a decreased b a d metabolism rate as evident by diminished rates of oxygen consumption (9).Past experience among human newborn infants has demonstrated that early alimentation prevents fasting hypoglycemia and improves neonatal survival (1, 6, 43). Additionally, alimentation of newborn rats results in stable blood glucose concentrations and glucose production rates and also augments circulating alternate fuels levels (1 1, 12).Rapid alterations of intrahepatic metabolic intermediates, cofactors, and regulatory enzymes are essential controlling events that permit the liver's transition from a glucose-producing organ during starvation to an organ capable of net carbohydrate uptake during alimentation (15,33,34,38). This change is essential for the control of blood glucose levels, and for the replenishment of hepatic glycogen stores. During carbohydrate alimentation pyruvate becomes the predominant source of acetyl-CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and may result in enhanced ATP production. The transition from fasting hepatic intermediary metabolism to that of an alimented state has been well documented among adult mammals. As there are little in vivo data describing the regulation of intrahepatic metabolism among fasted neonates, or the response of the neonatal liver to subsequent al...

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Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy of Common Diseases in Neonatal Puppies in the First Days of Life: Cornerstones of Practical Approach

Münnich¹,

Küchenmeister²

2014

Reprod Domestic Animals

109

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Contents Neonatal diseases and losses are a common and often unavoidable problem within breeding kennels. Altogether, morbidity and mortality ranges, according to the literature, from 5 to 35%. Among non‐infectious causes besides hypoxia during birth, hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and dehydration are mostly responsible for puppy diseases and losses. Approximately 90% of all deaths in hypoxaemic pups occur during the first 2 days. Of 183 pups with hypoxia, 63 died, 92.7% of them within 48 h after birth. Among infectious causes, bacterial infection is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. Escherichia coli, streptococci, staphylococci, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp. and some other micro‐organisms are regularly involved in neonatal infections. Post‐mortem findings especially document E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. as responsible bacteria. The dam and the environment are suspected as sources of neonatal infections as it was shown by genetic relatedness of responsible bacterial strains isolated in both puppies and their dams. From a total of 517 puppies with bacterial infections, the treatment results documented that parenteral administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in 308 neonates showed the best result. Diagnosis of diseases is often made difficult by the absence of variability in clinical signs contrary to adult dogs. Findings during a physical examination in pups differ from those in adults. Furthermore, treatment recommendations have to meet the special conditions in neonates concerning drug metabolism and excretion.

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Effect of maternal canine starvation on fetal and neonatal liver metabolism

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Altered Hepatic Energy and Redox States in the Fetal Rat

Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Altered Hepatic Energy and Redox States in the Fetal Rat

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy of Common Diseases in Neonatal Puppies in the First Days of Life: Cornerstones of Practical Approach

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