Effect of Maternal Glucose Ingestion on Fetal Breathing and Body Movements in Late Pregnancy

Lewis, P. J.; Trudinger, Brian J.; Mangez, J.-F.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb10458.x

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There is some evidence that maternal hyperglycemia does affect fetal movement during the 3rd trimester in normal pregnancies (Aladjem, Feria, Rest, Gull, & O'Connor, 1979;Edelberg, Dierker, Kalhan, & Rosen, 1985;Gelman, Spellacy, Wood, Birk, & Buhi, 1980;Goodman, 1980). However, none of the studies has focused on cyclic motility, the direction of the effects are not consistent between studies, and numerous others have reported no effects (e.g., Bocking, Adamson, Cousin, Campbell, Carrnichael, Natale, & Patrick, 1982;Lewis, Trudinger, & Mangez, 1978;Natale, Richardson, & Patrick, 1983) including two studies of diabetics (Holden, Jovanovic, Dmzin, & Peterson, 1984;Wladimiroff & Roodenburg, 1982). Finally, the evidence from the present study linking parametric changes in cyclic motility with maternal glucose control must be tempered by the fact that the transient absence of cyclic motility was unrelated to glucose levels in the 3rd trimester.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of cyclic motility in fetuses of diabetic mothers

Robertson

Dierker

1986

Developmental Psychobiology

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The cyclic organization of spontaneous movement was studied longitudinally in 22 fetuses of diabetic mothers (FDMs) during the third trimester of gestation and quantified with spectral analysis. Cyclic motility at frequencies between .08 and 1.22 cycles/min was found in all fetuses, although it was temporarily absent in 12 of the 22 fetuses at some time between 25 and 38 weeks. While some parameters of cyclic motility changed little, the frequency of the dominant motility cycle doubled from .24 to .48 cycle/min between 28 and 36 weeks, and the relative strength of motility cycles in the band between .18 and 1.02 cycles/min decreased temporarily at 36 weeks. These developmental changes and the common absence of cyclic motility contrast sharply with previous findings in normal fetuses, and (except for its absence) are accounted for by a subgroup of FDMs whose mothers' blood glucose levels were least well controlled during the third trimester of gestation. The presence of cyclic motility in all FDMs provides further evidence that cyclic activation is a basic property of the developing central nervous system in the human, as it appears to be in other vertebrates. However, the differences between FDMs and normal fetuses suggest that the development of cyclic motility is sensitive to disturbances in the fetal metabolic environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of cyclic motility in fetuses of diabetic mothers

Robertson

Dierker

1986

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Foetal breathing movements, but not gross foetal body movements, have been shown to be affected by increased maternal glucose levels (Bocking et al, 1982;Lewis et al, 1978), indicating that blood sugar levels may not affect gross movements. Similarly, foetal body movements are unaffected by maternal alcohol consumption, while foetal breathing and eye movements are transiently affected (McLeod et Biomechanics of foetal movement al., 1983;Mulder et al, 1998).…”

Section: External Influences Affecting Foetal Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of foetal movement

Nowlan¹

2015

eCM

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Foetal movements commence at seven weeks of gestation, with the foetal movement repertoire including twitches, whole body movements, stretches, isolated limb movements, breathing movements, head and neck movements, jaw movements (including yawning, sucking and swallowing) and hiccups by ten weeks of gestational age. There are two key biomechanical aspects to gross foetal movements; the first being that the foetus moves in a dynamically changing constrained physical environment in which the freedom to move becomes increasingly restricted with increasing foetal size and decreasing amniotic fluid. Therefore, the mechanical environment experienced by the foetus affects its ability to move freely. Secondly, the mechanical forces induced by foetal movements are crucial for normal skeletal development, as evidenced by a number of conditions and syndromes for which reduced or abnormal foetal movements are implicated, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthrogryposis and foetal akinesia deformation sequence. This review examines both the biomechanical effects of the physical environment on foetal movements through discussion of intrauterine factors, such as space, foetal positioning and volume of amniotic fluid, and the biomechanical role of gross foetal movements in human skeletal development through investigation of the effects of abnormal movement on the bones and joints. This review also highlights computational simulations of foetal movements that attempt to determine the mechanical forces acting on the foetus as it moves. Finally, avenues for future research into foetal movement biomechanics are highlighted, which have potential impact for a diverse range of fields including foetal medicine, musculoskeletal disorders and tissue engineering.Keywords: Foetal movement, fetal movement, bone development, joint development, developmental dysplasia of the hip, arthrogryposis, biomechanical models, computational simulation, mechanical properties of foetal tissues, mechanical properties of fetal tissues.

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“…They have been defined as downward movement of the diaphragm with outward movement of ab dominal contents and inward displacement of the thorax [60], It is now well established that breathing is a normal feature of fetal life which is episodic in nature, with circadian and ultradian biological rhythms [30,[61][62][63][64] and a tendency to be stimulated by glucose [65][66][67][68] and carbon dioxide [69,70] and inhibited by hypoxia [61,71,72], Much data have been accumulated on fetal breathing in chronically instrumented fetal animal prepa rations, especially the fetal Iamb. With the development of noninvasive technology for fetal observation, interest in fetal breathing extended to its use as a parameter of well being in the human fetus [73][74][75][76][77].…”

Section: Hiccups and Breathing In The Human Fetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Human Fetal Behavior: A Review

Pillai¹,

James²

1990

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Most of the movements described during the course of gestation have already emerged before 16 weeks, and the presence of diurnal variation in human fetal behavior has been demonstrated from as early as 20 weeks gestation. Up to 26 weeks quiet intervals rarely exceed 5 min. After this age quiet intervals progressively increase in duration so that behavior appears cyclically rather than randomly distributed. Increasing linkage of the state variables results in identifiable fetal behavioral states from around 36 weeks. During the last trimester fetal activities are cycle- or state-dependent, so that prolonged, and often repeated, recording of behavior is necessary before any sinister conclusions can be drawn.

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Effect of Maternal Glucose Ingestion on Fetal Breathing and Body Movements in Late Pregnancy

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

The development of cyclic motility in fetuses of diabetic mothers

The development of cyclic motility in fetuses of diabetic mothers

Biomechanics of foetal movement

Development of Human Fetal Behavior: A Review

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