Effect of maternally derived antibodies on the clinical signs and immune response in pigs after primary and secondary infection with an influenza H1N1 virus

Loeffen, W.L.A.; Heinen, Paul P.; Bianchi, A.T.J.; Hunneman, W. A.; Verheijden, J.H.M.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00019-9

Cited by 113 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Interference with vaccination against swine influenza virus associated with the presence of passively acquired antibodies has been documented (3,23,27,38); however, evidence of passive antibody interference with PCV2 vaccination has not been confirmed under experimental conditions (30). Furthermore, PCV2 vaccines have been highly effective in the field, and almost all pigs are seropositive to PCV2 at the time of PCV2 vaccination (9,19,21,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

O'Neill

Shen

Lin

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines have become widely used since they became available in 2006. It is not uncommon for producers to use PCV2 vaccines in pigs younger than what is approved by manufacturers. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit PCV2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age. Forty-eight PCV2-naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. Vaccination was done at day 5 or day 21, followed by triple challenge with PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at day 49. Vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 approximately 14 days postvaccination and had a detectable neutralizing antibody response by 21 days postvaccination regardless of age at vaccination. At day 49, the pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine had significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than the pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. After challenge, vaccinated pigs had significantly decreased levels of PCV2 viremia and a decreased prevalence and severity of microscopic lesions compared to the positive-control group, which had severe lymphoid lesions associated with abundant PCV2 antigen, compatible with PCV-associated disease. The results of this study indicate that, under the conditions of this study, vaccination of PCV2-naïve pigs at day 5 or day 21 resulted in development of a detectable humoral immune response and provided reduction or complete protection against PCV2 viremia and PCV2-associated lesions after triple challenge with PCV2, PPV, and PRRSV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

O'Neill

Shen

Lin

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…This pattern could arise from cross-reactivity among the strains or from multiple infections by different strains. However, the age of pigs at the time of slaughter ranges from four to six months, and it is usually assumed that only a single infection is possible during this time (though this assumption may not hold in all cases [27,28]). As a result, we argue that the assumption of immunity to contemporary strains is appropriate, and that strain-specific analyses of our data are not possible given current knowledge of influenza serology.…”

Section: (B) Impact Of Model Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring patterns of influenza transmission in swine from multiple streams of surveillance data

et al. 2013

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Swine populations are known to be an important source of new human strains of influenza A, including those responsible for global pandemics. Yet our knowledge of the epidemiology of influenza in swine is dismayingly poor, as highlighted by the emergence of the 2009 pandemic strain and the paucity of data describing its origins. Here, we analyse a unique dataset arising from surveillance of swine influenza at a Hong Kong abattoir from 1998 to 2010. We introduce a state–space model that estimates disease exposure histories by joint inference from multiple modes of surveillance, integrating both virological and serological data. We find that an observed decrease in virus isolation rates is not due to a reduction in the regional prevalence of influenza. Instead, a more likely explanation is increased infection of swine in production farms, creating greater immunity to disease early in life. Consistent with this, we find that the weekly risk of exposure on farms equals or exceeds the exposure risk during transport to slaughter. We discuss potential causes for these patterns, including competition between influenza strains and shifts in the Chinese pork industry, and suggest opportunities to improve knowledge and reduce prevalence of influenza in the region.

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“…Provided that there are still sufficient antibody titers in the serum when pigs are infected, MDA can reduce clinical disease (21), but the passive antibodies are less effective at blocking viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract (2,10), probably because the predominant antibody isotype received in colostrum is IgG. Pigs with significant IAV-specific MDA titers typically have suppressed adaptive antibody responses to homologous infection or vaccination (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigs with significant IAV-specific MDA titers typically have suppressed adaptive antibody responses to homologous infection or vaccination (21). This interference affects IgM, IgG, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in serum, as well as nasal IgA titers (10). T-cell proliferation assays have indicated that the cellular immune response to IAV is less susceptible to MDA inhibition (8,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interference affects IgM, IgG, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in serum, as well as nasal IgA titers (10). T-cell proliferation assays have indicated that the cellular immune response to IAV is less susceptible to MDA inhibition (8,10). Analyses of pig immune responses to pseudorabies virus, an alphaherpesvirus, have shown a similar pattern, where MDA blocks the humoral but not the cellular immune response following piglet vaccination or infection (19,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Provides Superior Protection from Heterologous Infection in Pigs with Maternal Antibodies without Inducing Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease

Vincent

Lager

et al. 2012

J Virol

115

105

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Control of swine influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is hindered because inactivated vaccines do not provide robust cross-protection against the multiple antigenic variants cocirculating in the field. Vaccine efficacy can be limited further for vaccines administered to young pigs that possess maternally derived immunity. We previously demonstrated that a recombinant A/sw/Texas/4199-2/1998 (TX98) (H3N2) virus expressing a truncated NS1 protein is attenuated in swine and has potential for use as an intranasal live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine. In the present study, we compared 1 dose of intranasal LAIV with 2 intramuscular doses of TX98 whole inactivated virus (WIV) with adjuvant in weanling pigs with and without TX98-specific maternally derived antibodies (MDA). Pigs were subsequently challenged with wild-type homologous TX98 H3N2 virus or with an antigenic variant, A/sw/Colorado/23619/1999 (CO99) (H3N2). In the absence of MDA, both vaccines protected against homologous TX98 and heterologous CO99 shedding, although the LAIV elicited lower hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in serum. The efficacy of both vaccines was reduced by the presence of MDA; however, WIV vaccination of MDA-positive pigs led to dramatically enhanced pneumonia following heterologous challenge, a phenomenon known as vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). A single dose of LAIV administered to MDA-positive pigs still provided partial protection from CO99 and may be a safer vaccine for young pigs under field conditions, where dams are routinely vaccinated and diverse IAV strains are in circulation. These results have implications not only for pigs but also for other influenza virus host species.

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Effect of maternally derived antibodies on the clinical signs and immune response in pigs after primary and secondary infection with an influenza H1N1 virus

Cited by 113 publications

References 20 publications

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

Inferring patterns of influenza transmission in swine from multiple streams of surveillance data

Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Provides Superior Protection from Heterologous Infection in Pigs with Maternal Antibodies without Inducing Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease

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