Effect of Maturation Culture Period of Oocytes on the Sex Ratio of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos

Budiyanto, Agung; Otoi, Takeshige; Wongsrikeao, Pimprapar; Taniguchi, Masayasu; Shimizu, Ryohei; Watari, Hajime; Nagai, Takashi

doi:10.1262/jrd.17055

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…However, examination of pronuclear formation after fertilization failed to indicate a decline in fertilization rate in oocytes inseminated with aged sperm. It may be, therefore, that the reduction in cleavage rate in oocytes inseminated with aged sperm reflects a delay in fertilization and aging of the oocyte [34]. It is also possible that aging damaged the sperm centriole so that syngamy was compromised.…”

Section: Embryo Characteristics As Affected By Sperm Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

2009

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Abstract. The objective was to determine whether aging of sperm caused by incubation at normothermic (38.5 C) or heat shock (40 C) temperatures for 4 h prior to oocyte insemination affects sperm motility, fertilizing ability, competence of the resultant embryo to develop to the blastocyst stage and blastocyst sex ratio. In the first experiment, the percent of sperm that were motile was reduced by aging (P<0.001) and the reduction in motility was greater for sperm at 40 C compared to sperm at 38.5 C (P<0.01). In the second experiment, oocytes were inseminated with aged sperm. A smaller percent of oocytes fertilized with sperm aged at either temperature cleaved by Day 3 after insemination than oocytes fertilized with fresh sperm (P<0.05). There was no effect of sperm aging on the percent of oocytes or cleaved embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. Aging of sperm before fertilization at 38.5 C reduced the percent of blastocysts that were male (P=0.08). In the third experiment, incubation of sperm at 38.5 C or 40 C for 4 h did not reduce fertilizing ability of sperm as determined by pronuclear formation at 18 h post insemination. In conclusion, aging of sperm reduced cleavage rate and the percent of blastocysts that were males but had no effect on the developmental capacity of the embryo. The effect of aging on cleavage rate may represent reduced motility and errors occurring after fertilization and pronuclear formation. Aging at a temperature characteristic of maternal hyperthermia had little additional effect except that polyspermy was reduced. Results indicate that embryo competence for development to the blastocyst stage is independent of sperm damage as a result of aging for 4 h at normothermic or hyperthermic temperatures. Key words: Aging, Bovine, Fertilization, Heat shock, Spermatozoa (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [69][70][71][72][73][74] 2009) evelopmental competence of the mammalian embryo is dependent on genetic and non-genetic contributions from its parents [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Sperm could affect an embryo's competence for development if the timing of fertilization or early cleavage is delayed. For example, embryos produced by high-fertility bulls entered S-phase of the first cell cycle earlier and had a longer S-phase than those produced by low-fertility bulls [7]. In another study, spermatozoa from 50% of bulls identified as being of low fertility in artificial insemination studs experienced premature capacitation [8]. Damage to the macromolecular portions of the sperm that are incorporated by the embryo could also result in formation of embryos with reduced developmental competence. Among these sperm contributions are DNA, the centriole [9], and RNA [10]. Embryos fertilized with semen containing a high proportion of sperm with extensive DNA damage have reduced competence for development [11][12][13] but the importance of damage to the centriole or sperm RNA is not known.Damage to sperm can occur in the male reproductive tract or after deposition of sperm in the female. In bulls, for example, thermal...

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Section: Embryo Characteristics As Affected By Sperm Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

2009

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“…Several hypotheses have been addressed trying to explain this finding. Differences have been found regarding culture media conditions [12,13], the maturation culture period of the oocyte [1], sperm damage [4] and epigenetic events which may modulate the difference between speed of development, metabolism and transcription, observed during preimplantation development between male and female embryos [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocyst transfer and gender: IVF versus ICSI

Hentemann

Briskemyr

Bertheussen

2009

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To investigate the difference in sex ratio in our centre after day 5 embryo transfer among neonates delivered after fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF), fresh intra cytoplasmatic sperminjection (ICSI) and frozen embryo replacement (FER) compared to expected sex ratio in normal population. Methods Retrospective data after IVF/ICSI/FER therapy from 1995 -2007 and data from the literature on similar subjects. Results Among a total of 420 births after day 5 transfer, there were 225 male and 195 female babies. However, after ICSI alone 30 were female and 21 male. Adding all available data from the literature on gender ratio after long term culture, the ratio of male births to total births (0.545) was significantly (p=0.004) different from the expected ratio (0.515) Conclusions It appears that significantly more males are born than expected after day 5 transfer in IVF. However, a subgroup analysis in our data comparing IVF, ICSI and FER revealed more females born after ICSI and FER, suggesting that further research is needed in this area.

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“…Several factors have been reported to influence sex ratio in cattle, including 1) timing of insemination in vivo [1][2][3], 2) the maturational state of the oocyte at the time of insemination in vitro [4][5][6], 3) the duration of gamete coincubation in vitro [7], and 4) the postfertilization culture conditions in vitro [8]. It has been reported that the mammalian female could have a preconceptual influence on the sex of her offspring, and it has been hypothesized that this influence could go some way toward accounting for the reported lower fertility following insemination with sex-sorted sperm [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Bovine In Vitro-Matured Oocytes Selectively Process X- or Y-Sorted Sperm Differentially?1

Bermejo-Álvarez¹,

Rizos²,

Rath³

et al. 2008

Biology of Reproduction

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It has been reported that the mammalian female could have a preconceptual influence on the sex of her offspring, and it has been hypothesized that this influence could go some way toward accounting for the reported lower fertility following insemination with sex-sorted sperm. To test whether in vitro matured oocytes are able to select X-or Y-bearing spermatozoa following in vitro fertilization (IVF), we fertilized in vitro 1788 oocytes with Xsorted semen, Y-sorted semen, a mix of X-and Y-sorted semen, and unsorted semen from the same bull, and cultured until Day 9. Fertility was assessed by recording cleavage rate at 48 h postinsemination (hpi) and blastocyst development until Day 9. Embryos were sexed at the two-to four-cell stage and the blastocyst stage. The proportion of zygotes cleaving at 48 hpi was not different between X-and Y-sorted groups and the mix of Xand Y-sorted semen group; however, all were significantly lower than the unsorted group (P , 0.001). Blastocyst yield on Day 6 was significantly higher (P 0.01) in the control group compared with the rest of the groups. Cumulative blastocyst yields on Days 7, 8, and 9 were also significantly higher (P 0.01) in the unsorted group compared with the sorted groups. The proportion of female and male two-to four-cell embryos obtained following IVF with X-and Y-sorted sperm was 88% and 89%, respectively and the sex ratio at the two-to four-cell stage was not different following IVF with unsorted or sorted/recombined sperm (56.9% males vs. 57% males, respectively). At the blastocyst stage, similar percentages were obtained. In conclusion, the differences in cleavage and blastocyst development using sorted versus unsorted sperm are not due to the oocyte preferentially selecting sperm of one sex over another, but are more likely due to spermatic damage caused by the sorting procedure.animal reproduction technology, fertilization, in vitro fertilization, male and female bovine embryos, sex-sorted sperm

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Effect of Maturation Culture Period of Oocytes on the Sex Ratio of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

Blastocyst transfer and gender: IVF versus ICSI

Can Bovine In Vitro-Matured Oocytes Selectively Process X- or Y-Sorted Sperm Differentially?1

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