Effect of meal timing on postprandial glucose responses to a low glycemic index meal: A crossover trial in healthy volunteers

Leung, Gloria K W; Huggins, Catherine E.; Bonham, Maxine P.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.010

Cited by 95 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The basal fasting glucose levels peak at the onset of locomotor activities during the transition from the sleep phase to the active phase (Cailotto et al, 2005; Challet et al, 2004; La Fleur et al, 1999). Interestingly, glucose tolerance also shows rhythm, with the highest glucose tolerance in the morning and the lowest tolerance at evening or night in human (Leung et al, 2017). In one study addressing rhythmicity in glucose tolerance, blood insulin and glucose levels were measured continuously for 24h in normal healthy human subjects under a constant glucose infusion.…”

Section: Intrinsic Rhythm Of Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Ding¹,

Gong²,

Eckel‐Mahan³

et al. 2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Our body not only responds to environmental changes but also anticipates them. The light and dark cycle with the period of about 24 hours is a recurring environmental change that determines the diurnal variation in food availability and safety from predators in nature. As a result, the circadian clock is evolved in most animals to align locomotor behaviors and energy metabolism with the light cue. The central circadian clock in mammals is located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain. We here review the molecular and anatomic architecture of the central circadian clock in mammals; describe the experimental and observational evidence that suggests a critical role of the central circadian clock in shaping systemic energy metabolism; and discuss the involvement of endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and the autonomic nervous system in the metabolic functions of the central circadian clock.

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Section: Intrinsic Rhythm Of Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Ding¹,

Gong²,

Eckel‐Mahan³

et al. 2018

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…10 Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition In support of our findings, a recent study comparing the response with a low GI dinner (taken at 8.00 pm) and breakfast (taken at 8.00 am) in a young non-diabetic population also found that the glucose iAUC at dinner was significantly greater than breakfast. 28 In their study, Leung et al kept the duration of the prior fasting period identical for both conditions, hence excluding the potential confounding role of the intermeal duration factor. In our study however, while the duration of the fasting periods before TM as well as before SSM were indeed variable between dinner and breakfast interventions, these meal timings and intermeal durations reflected a normal dietary pattern of 3 meals per day, that is, breakfast in the morning, lunch in the early afternoon and dinner in the evening.…”

Section: Combined Postprandial Metabolic Responses (Taucs) Of Tm and Ssmmentioning

confidence: 99%

High or low glycemic index (GI) meals at dinner results in greater postprandial glycemia compared with breakfast: a randomized controlled trial

Haldar

Egli

Castro

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionWhile circadian control of glucose metabolism is well known, how glycemic index (GI) of carbohydrate-rich meals interacts with time of consumption (breakfast or dinner) to influence postprandial (PP) glucose homeostasis is less well established. The objective of the study was to assess markers of PP glucose homeostasis following high or low GI test meals (TM) consumed either at breakfast or at dinner and following consumption of the subsequent standardized meals (SSM).Research design and methodsRandomized crossover trial in 34 healthy, Chinese, elderly volunteers (mean±SEM age, 56.8±0.83 years), who completed 4 separate study sessions per-protocol, consisting of a high-GI breakfast, low-GI breakfast, high-GI dinner and low-GI dinner TM, followed by a SSM at the subsequent eating occasion. Blood samples were taken for 3 hours after each TM and SSM for glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) measurements.ResultsConsuming TM at dinner produced greater PP glycemia than breakfast both after TM and SSM (both p<0.0001), irrespective of GI. High-GI TM also produced greater PP glycemia than low-GI TM, both after TM and SSM (both p<0.01), irrespective of time of consumption. No interaction between GI and time were found on PP glycemia, indicating parallel, but independent effects. Combined total areas under the curve of TM+SSM for PP glucose (p<0.0001), PP TG (p<0.0001) and PP FFA (p<0.0001) were all greater when TM taken during dinner compared with breakfast.ConclusionsCarbohydrate-rich meals consumed at dinner leads to significantly worse PP glucose homeostasis than when consumed at breakfast, on top of the independent GI effect of the meal. This may have implications to future type 2 diabetes risk. Moreover, future studies investigating GI/glycemic load (GL) and disease risk associations should factor in timing of GL consumption as an additional variable.Trial registration numberNCT02927600.

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“…Greater weight loss was observed in the BF group, as well as higher reductions in fasting serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and a slight increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) compared to the D group [17]. Thus, feeding during the biological night, characterized by melatonin synthesis, may be a risk factor for cardiovascular problems [15,17], overweight [15][16][17], and other comorbidities [15,18]. This might be related to less time for anabolic pathways, which may mean that the repair processes are sacrificed as well as a suboptimal metabolic state for food consumption [15,[18][19][20][21].In parallel with mistimed feeding, the duration of food intake is longer, allowing for greater energy consumption, which, per se, correlates with negative health outcomes, even when total energy consumption remains constant [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior (Duration, Content, and Timing) Among Workers Living under Different Levels of Urbanization

et al. 2020

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Urbanization has contributed to extended wakefulness, which may in turn be associated with eating over a longer period. Here, we present a field study conducted in four groups with different work hours and places of living in order to investigate eating behavior (duration, content, and timing). Anthropometric measures were taken from the participants (rural (n = 22); town (n = 19); city-day workers (n = 11); city-night workers (n = 14)). In addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire was self-answered and 24-h food recalls were applied for three days. The 24-h food recalls revealed that fat intake varied according to the groups, with the highest consumption by the city-day workers. By contrast, city-day workers had the lowest intake of carbohydrate, whereas the rural group had the highest. In general, all groups had some degree of inadequacy in food consumption. Eating duration was negatively correlated with total energy intake, fat, and protein consumption in the rural and town groups. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and eating duration in both city groups. The rural group had the earliest start time of eating, and this was associated with a lower body mass index. This study suggested that food content and timing, as well as eating duration, differed according to place of living, which in turn may be linked to lifestyle.

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Effect of meal timing on postprandial glucose responses to a low glycemic index meal: A crossover trial in healthy volunteers

Cited by 95 publications

References 27 publications

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

Central Circadian Clock Regulates Energy Metabolism

High or low glycemic index (GI) meals at dinner results in greater postprandial glycemia compared with breakfast: a randomized controlled trial

Eating Behavior (Duration, Content, and Timing) Among Workers Living under Different Levels of Urbanization

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