Effect of mechanical activation on the hydraulic properties of stainless steel slags

Krisková, Lubica; Pontikes, Yiannis; Çizer, Özlem; Mertens, Gilles; Veulemans, Wout; Geysen, Daneel; Jones, Peter Tom; Vandewalle, Lucie; Balen, Koen Van; Blanpain, Bart

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.02.016

Cited by 165 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Approximately 100 g of material was milled in 500 ml of ethanol for 6 h at 5000 rpm using 1 mm ZrO 2 milling balls. Chemical activation was performed by means of NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 and Na 2 O.3.4(SiO 2 ) solution, keeping the Na 2 O to binder ratio equivalent to 8 wt. %.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EAF slag is typically valorized as aggregate for road constructions, while slags from secondary refining processes (AOD, LM) are more problematic to be valorized because of their powdery nature, free CaO and MgO content and a potential leaching of heavy metals. A promising higher value applications such as their use as a hydraulic binder, have been proposed for these slags [3]. Secondary stainless steel slags mainly consist of γ -dicalcium silicate (γ -C 2 S) and merwinite (C 3 MS 2 ), while both these phases are considered to be non -hydraulic or only mildly hydraulic [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorisation of Stainless Steel Slags as a Hydraulic Binder

Krisková¹,

Pontikes²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Acta Metall Slovaca

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This work is focused on exploring various cold and hot stage treatment paths of stainless steel slag as a tool to improve its hydraulic properties. At a cold stage, mechanical and chemical activation was applied on industrial stainless steel slag; and it was found that both activation methods effectively improve the reactivity of the studied slag. In addition, the detailed investigation of hydration on two major phases, γ -C 2 S and merwinite, revealed that their hydration resulted in the formation of C -S -H gel, typically formed during the hydration of OPC. Regarding the hot stage treatment, the combination of the chemistry modification with the addition of fly ash at 30 wt. % and fast cooling by means of water quenching resulted in a complete amorphisation of the material. Ultimately, the produced material possessing similar properties to granulated blast furnace slag could be used as a latent hydraulic material in blended cements.Keywords: stainless steel slag, γ -dicalcium silicate, merwinite, hydration, SEM IntroductionStainless steel production consists of the following three steps: melting of stainless steel scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF), carbon removal via argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) or vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) process and final steel treatment and alloying in a ladle, called ladle metallurgy (LM) [1]. A relatively large amount of slag is generated in each of these steps resulting in an annual worldwide stainless steel slag production of more than 10 Mt [2]. EAF slag is typically valorized as aggregate for road constructions, while slags from secondary refining processes (AOD, LM) are more problematic to be valorized because of their powdery nature, free CaO and MgO content and a potential leaching of heavy metals. A promising higher value applications such as their use as a hydraulic binder, have been proposed for these slags [3]. Secondary stainless steel slags mainly consist of γ -dicalcium silicate (γ -C 2 S) and merwinite (C 3 MS 2 ), while both these phases are considered to be non -hydraulic or only mildly hydraulic [4,5]. Thus, the reactivity of these phases needs to be improved in order to valorise them as a binder.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation of Stainless Steel Slags as a Hydraulic Binder

Krisková¹,

Pontikes²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Acta Metall Slovaca

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“…This increases dissolution rates as demonstrated for nuclear glass in the case of smectite [34] and M-S-H [35] precipitation. Moreover, this may help to explain much lower reactivities of Mg-rich, Al-poor steel slags [36].…”

Section: Understanding Scms: Recent Insights Into Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Snellings

2016

RILEM Tech Lett

232

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The partial replacement of Portland clinker by supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is one of the most popular and effective measures to reduce both costs and CO2 emissions related to cement production. An estimated 800 Mt/y of blast furnace slags, fly ashes and other materials are currently being used as SCM, but still the cement industry accounts for 5-8% of global CO2 emissions. If no further actions are taken, by the year 2050 this share might even rise beyond 25%. There is thus a clear challenge as to how emissions will be kept at bay and sustainability targets set by international commitments and policy documents will be met. Part of the solution will be a further roll-out of blended cements in which SCMs constitute the main part of the binder to which activators such as Portland cement are added. Since supply concerns are being raised for conventional high-quality SCMs it is clear that new materials and beneficiation technologies will need to step in to achieve further progress. This paper presents opportunities and challenges for new SCMs and demonstrates how advances towards more powerful and reliable characterisation techniques help to better understand and exploit SCM reactivity.

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“…Approximately 80% particles of disintegrated slag have grain sizes less than 30 m. Such particles are easily aerated and carried by the wind for long distances; they pollute soils, dissolve in ground, sedimentary and sewage waters. However, it is noted in [2][3][4][5] that there are four known widespread ways to prevent decomposition of secondary steel processing slags.1. Thermal stabilization of high-temperature C 2 S modifications by fast cooling (quenching).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Stabilization Features Of Ladle Furnace Slag In Ferrous Metallurgy

Yu.¹,

Mikheenkov²,

Egiazar’yan³

et al. 2017

Kms

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Keywords: ladle furnace slag, secondary alumina production wastes, slag stabilization, belite, mayenite Nowadays due to the application expansion of secondary steel processing methods, which provide high-degree metal desulfurization, a problem of the ladle furnace slag (or high-calcium refining slag) stabilization arose in the ferrous metallurgy. This slag cannot be stabilized because of its self-disintegrating properties [1].It is known that this kind of disintegration is driven by the presence of dicalcium silicate (belite, or 2CaO⋅SiO2, or C 2 S) in the refining slag. Approximately 80% particles of disintegrated slag have grain sizes less than 30 m. Such particles are easily aerated and carried by the wind for long distances; they pollute soils, dissolve in ground, sedimentary and sewage waters. However, it is noted in [2][3][4][5] that there are four known widespread ways to prevent decomposition of secondary steel processing slags.1. Thermal stabilization of high-temperature C 2 S modifications by fast cooling (quenching). Due to quenching, the high-temperature -C 2 S modification acquires the ability to maintain its properties in the temperature range from 25 to 700 ∘ C.

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Effect of mechanical activation on the hydraulic properties of stainless steel slags

Cited by 165 publications

References 37 publications

Valorisation of Stainless Steel Slags as a Hydraulic Binder

Valorisation of Stainless Steel Slags as a Hydraulic Binder

Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Chemical Stabilization Features Of Ladle Furnace Slag In Ferrous Metallurgy

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