Redox flow batteries have received wide attention because of their
unique advantages such as high efficiency, long cycle life, low operating
cost, and independent adjustment of energy power. In this study, five
types of anthraquinone derivative organic redox couple were selected,
and the surfaces of graphite felt were modified. When the number of
functional groups is increased or the substitution position is closer
to the carbonyl (C=O) groups, a more pronounced hindrance for
the C=O reaction on the benzene ring is observed; thus, the
electrochemical performance and reversibility decreases. Sodium 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate
solution is the best organic redox couple in terms of both reversibility
and electrochemical performance. It was also found that all the surface
treatment methods of graphite felt are beneficial for improving their
electrochemical performances. All these superior results demonstrate
that the graphite felt treated under air exposure at 550 °C for
3 h exhibited the best electrochemical performance, which might be
attributed to the increase in the content of C–OH functional
groups.