Effect of mesograzers and nutrient levels on induction of defenses in several Brazilian macroalgae

Weidner, Kerstin; Lages, Bruno G.; Gama, Bernardo A.P. da; Molis, Markus; Wahl, Martin; Pereira, Renato Crespo

doi:10.3354/meps283113

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This indicates that there is great variability in the effects of these chemical compounds on different grazers. This variability may be partially explained by differences in physiology of the grazers and partially by spatial and temporal differences in the chemical structures of the compounds produced by algae (Hay 1992(Hay , 1996(Hay , 1997Cetrulo and Hay 2000;Weidner et al 2004). Most theories that explain the diversity in responses between macro and mesograzers are supported by the fact that some mesograzer species profit by sheltering within defended algae, in order to avoid predation by omnivorous macrograzers like fish (Hay et al , 1990Hay 1992Hay , 1997Duffy and Hay 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The hot mixture was flattened between two glass plates (1 mm gap) on a 2 cm 2 mesh used to provide stability to the artificial food preparation. In order to make artificial food, it is necessary to use powder from an undefended alga such as U. fasciata, which has been tested in similar feeding assays (Weidner et al 2004). …”

Section: Assessment Of Growth Rates In the Multi-treatment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Alstyne 1988;Cronin and Hay 1996;Pavia and Toth 2000;Toth and Pavia 2000;Sotka et al 2002;Taylor et al 2002;Rohde et al 2004;Macaya et al 2005) and for red alga is apparently based on either polar compounds, toughness, or synergism between polar and non-polar compounds (e.g. Weidner et al 2004;Ceh et al 2005). The induction of chemical defences seems to be a strategy that offers no deterrence by low concentration of the chemical compounds or when the algae are not stimulated to increase the concentration of the deterrent compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the red alga Galaxaura diessingiana showed inducible defences, an extra experiment was conducted to assess the induction of polyphenols. This basic design was developed from the published work of Weidner et al (2004), Rhode et al (2004) and Ceh et al (2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa

et al. 2006

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Variabilities in the responses of several South African red and green macroalgae to direct grazing and the responses of one green alga to cues from grazers were tested. We used two feeding experiments: (1) testing the induced responses of three red and one green algae to direct grazing by mesograzers and (2) a multi-treatment experiment, in which the direct and indirect effects of one macrograzer species on the green alga Codium platylobium were assessed. Consumption rates were assessed in feeding assays with intact algal pieces and with agar pellets containing non-polar extracts of the test algae. Defensive responses were induced for intact pieces of Galaxaura diessingiana, but were not induced in pellets, suggesting either morphological defence or chemical defence using polar compounds other than polyphenols. In contrast, exposure to grazing stimulated consumption of Gracilaria capensis and Hypnea spicifera by another grazing species. In the multi-treatment experiment, waterborne cues from both grazing and non-grazing snails induced defensive algal traits in C. platylobium. We suggest that inducible defences among macroalgae are not restricted to brown algae, but that both the responses of algae to grazers and of grazers to the defences of macroalgae are intrinsically variable and complex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Assessment Of Growth Rates In the Multi-treatment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa

et al. 2006

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“…Some algae are known to produce constitutive defenses, i.e., defenses whose concentrations do not vary in function of ecological variables such as herbivory pressure (CRONIN, 2001). On the other hand, other algae produce inducible defenses only when they are needed, e.g., under herbivore attack (e.g., WEIDNER et al, 2004;MACAYA et al, 2005) or, in the context of this paper, under epibiosis pressure. Defense production possibly incurs in metabolic costs (HAY; FENICAL, 1992; VAN ALSTYNE et al, 2001), but these costs can be supplanted by the benefits gained with protection when under attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifouling activity of seaweed extracts from Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil

2007

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A B S T R A C TMarine biofouling historically constitutes one of the major constraints faced by mankind in its oceanic activities. The search for alternatives to TBT-based antifouling paints has led several researchers to focus efforts in the development of environmentally friendly natural compounds. This work has contributed with this search, testing the antifouling potential of crude organic extracts from four seaweed species collected at Praia Branca, Guarujá district, São Paulo, Brazil. Throughout laboratory antifouling assays in which the attachment of a common fouling organism, the brown mussel Perna perna, was employed, antifouling activity (p < 0.05) was detected in natural concentrations of the extracts of Jania rubens (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) and Bryothamnion seaforthii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales), while Dictyopteris delicatula (Phaeophyta, Dictyotales) and Heterosiphonia gibbesii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) did not exhibit fouling inhibition. From the algae that exhibited antifouling activity, J. rubens presented best performance when compared to that of B. seaforthii. Future field studies would be necessary to obtain results that can better reflect natural conditions, as well as to assess the activity spectrum of the antifouling activity presently recorded. Further bioassay-guided purification of the active extracts can lead to new alternatives to the metalbased antifouling paints currently in use. R E S U M OA incrustação biológica constitui, historicamente, um dos maiores problemas encontrados pelo homem em suas atividades no mar. A busca por alternativas a tintas antiincrustantes contendo tributilestanho (TBT) tem levado diversos pesquisadores a concentrar esforços no desenvolvimento de substâncias naturais menos danosas à biota marinha. Este trabalho procurou contribuir com essa busca, testando o potencial antiincrustante de quatro diferentes espécies de macroalgas da Praia Branca, município de Guarujá, SP. Através de testes antiincrustantes em laboratório utilizando a fixação de um organismo incrustante comum, o mexilhão Perna perna, foi constatado que os extratos de Jania rubens (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) e Bryothamnion seaforthii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales), à concentração natural, apresentaram atividade antiincrustante significativa (p < 0,05), enquanto Dictyopteris delicatula (Phaeophyta, Dictyotales) e Heterosiphonia gibbesii (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) não demonstraram eficiência na inibição da fixação de bissos do molusco. Das algas que indicaram potencial atividade contra a incrustação, J. rubens apresentou melhor desempenho em relação a B. seaforthii. Futuras investigações em campo serão necessárias para a obtenção de resultados que possam refletir melhor as condições naturais, bem como avaliar o espectro de ação da atividade antiincrustante observada. A purificação guiada por bioensaios dos extratos ativos poderá levar a novas alternativas para os antiincrustantes metálicos atualmente em uso.

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Chemical War in Marine Animal Forests: Natural Products and Chemical Interactions

Ávila

2020

Perspectives on the Marine Animal Forests of the World

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Effect of mesograzers and nutrient levels on induction of defenses in several Brazilian macroalgae

Cited by 46 publications

References 56 publications

Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa

Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa

Antifouling activity of seaweed extracts from Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil

Chemical War in Marine Animal Forests: Natural Products and Chemical Interactions

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