Effect of methyl gallate on immune response of Biomphalaria alexandrina (Ehrenberg, 1831) snails to infection with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907)

Assessment of Amphora coffeaeformis and Scenedesmus dimorphus algae as immunostimulant agents on Biomphlaria alexandrina snails against Schistosoma mansoni

“…The histological study revealed that there were great differences between normally infected snails and previously treated infected snails with algae mainly noticed as a proliferation of hemocytes, death of sporocysts in tissues with the presence of granulomatous structure, and retarded infection dynamics. In the same way, Mansour et al (2021) reported that the histopathological responses of infected Biomphlaria snails exposed to methyl gallate as an immunostimulant showed few cercariae and strong hemocytic reaction. The algae are able to influence S. mansoni in snail tissues, reducing the cercariae shedding in water and changing S. mansoni life cycle.…”

“…Borges et al (1998) considered these reactions as a delayed development of resistance that occurred after sporocysts spread in the snail tissues and this represents an alternative type of snail internal defense mechanism against S. mansoni. Mansour et al (2021) reported that exposure of infected B. alexandrina snails to low concentration of methyl gallate increased the tissue response in the digestive gland and cephalopdal region represented by many hemocytes around the sporocysts and cercariae trying to destroy the parasite. Amphora coffeaeformis stimulates the synthesis of hemocytes containing coarse granules that can activate the hemocyte aggregation process and granuloma formation.…”